Nicholas Murphy wrote:
I'm baffled by an "undefined symbol" linking error I'm getting. I
created a library using ar and ranlib. Running nm clearly lists the
relevant symbols in the text section, but when I try to compile, it
complains that they are not there. Compiling works just fine on my
macbook, but when I try to compile in a Fedora linux box, I get
undefined symbol complaints. I've included the gcc output and the nm
output below.
Any help is very much appreciated!
Thanks,
Nick
-----
gcc -v -W -Wall -g -o clue-keygen -I/usr/local/include/pbc
-I../include -L/home/someguy/clue/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lgmp -lpbc
-lpbc_sig -lclue clue-keygen.c
Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/specs
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man
--infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix
--disable-checking --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit
--disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-java-awt=gtk
--host=i386-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.4.4 20050721 (Red Hat 3.4.4-2)
/usr/libexec/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/cc1 -quiet -v
-I/usr/local/include/pbc -I../include clue-keygen.c -quiet -dumpbase
clue-keygen.c -auxbase clue-keygen -g -W -Wall -version -o
/tmp/cc3T1TTO.s
ignoring nonexistent directory
"/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/../../../../i386-redhat-linux/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/local/include/pbc
../include
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/include
/usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C version 3.4.4 20050721 (Red Hat 3.4.4-2) (i386-redhat-linux)
compiled by GNU C version 3.4.4 20050721 (Red Hat 3.4.4-2).
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param
ggc-min-heapsize=131072
as -V -Qy -o /tmp/cco8b3Nx.o /tmp/cc3T1TTO.s
GNU assembler version 2.15.92.0.2 (i386-redhat-linux) using BFD
version 2.15.92.0.2 20040927
/usr/libexec/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/collect2 --eh-frame-hdr -m
elf_i386 -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.2 -o clue-keygen
/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/../../../crt1.o
/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/../../../crti.o
/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/crtbegin.o
-L/home/someguy/clue/lib -L/usr/local/lib
-L/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4
-L/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4
-L/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/../../.. -lgmp -lpbc -lpbc_sig
-lclue /tmp/cco8b3Nx.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc
-lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed
/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/crtend.o
/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/../../../crtn.o
/tmp/cco8b3Nx.o(.text+0x150): In function `main':
/home/someguy/clue/utilities/clue-keygen.c:54: undefined reference to
`crypto_load_param_file'
/tmp/cco8b3Nx.o(.text+0x1ce):/home/someguy/clue/utilities/clue-keygen.c:62:
undefined reference to `bbs_gen'
/tmp/cco8b3Nx.o(.text+0x213):/home/someguy/clue/utilities/clue-keygen.c:66:
undefined reference to `crypto_serialize_keys'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [clue-keygen] Error 1
-----
# nm /home/someguy/clue/lib/libclue.a
libclue.o:
U __assert_fail
0000009d T bbs_gen
00000000 T bbs_init_sys_param
00003799 T bbs_open
000023f6 T bbs_sign
00002d94 T bbs_verify
0000127b T crypto_deserialize_keys
000010e5 T crypto_initialize_keys
0000003c T crypto_load_param_file
000c3500 C crypto_precomputed
00000706 T crypto_serialize_keys
00000535 t element_add
000004b8 t element_clear
0000377b t element_cmp
00001a0b t element_from_bytes
00002d73 t element_from_hash
00000514 t element_init
0000063e t element_init_G1
0000061f t element_init_G2
000004f5 t element_init_GT
00000602 t element_init_Zr
000005c9 t element_invert
000010a3 t element_length_in_bytes
000023d5 t element_mul
000023b7 t element_neg
U element_pow2_mpz
00002278 t element_pow2_zn
U element_pow3_mpz
000022fc t element_pow3_zn
00000556 t element_pow_zn
000005e7 t element_random
00001085 t element_to_bytes
000005a8 t element_to_mpz
U fclose
U fopen
U fread
U free
U fwrite
U __gmpz_clear
U __gmpz_init
U hash_final
U hash_init
U hash_update
00000695 T itoa
0000065d T itoalen
U malloc
U memcpy
00000000 B next_precompute
000004d3 t pairing_apply
U pairing_init_inp_str
00001a29 T precompute_crypto
0000001a r __PRETTY_FUNCTION__.0
U printf
U stat
U strcpy
U strlen
00000004 B total_precompute
It's acting like you have specified the libraries in backwards order.
Have you broken your gcc installation so that it can't find its include
files, creating clutter in this echo?
