I just decided to give pa another go--so that I could speak from recent experience. I went to my /etc/alsa/alsa.conf and uncommented line 11. Then, I rebooted. 1.) There continues to be no audio indication of when gdm is ready. This despite the fact that I have "SoundOnLogin=true" in my /etc/gdm/custom.conf. The builtin GDM "audio icon" doesn't play, neither does GDM beep when it launches, nor can I get a beep from pressing back-space. 2.) Ctrl-S does not work in GDM. This is gdm-2.22.0-8.fc9. Should I try from rawhide? 3.) Logging in I hear first the GDM "audio logo," think I'll call it an earcon from now on. But, Orca launches in my secondary audio device. That's inappropriate, but I have no way to control that except to unplug my secondary and tertiary audio devices and start over. 4.) Logging back in with only one audio device on board, Orca does indeed startup on that device--but it seems I have to choose between Orca and playing other audio. How quaint! I thought we got past this silly "one sound at a time" view back around alsa-0.9. Does anyone recall the alsa FAQ used to claim this was appropriate back then? Well, it still isn't appropriate, but that's what's happening. If I paplay some .wav from a Gnome-Terminal, then attempt to go somewhere off my Alt-F1 (Applications) menu--there's no Orca until my .wav ends. I guess it would be like the screen blanking while the cd audio disc plays? Very curious, indeed. 5.) While I paplay, I try to go Ctrl-Alt-F1. While I'm not prevented from doing so, paplay believes it should pause playing while I'm away from the gui tty. Now, who's the genius that figured out this "feature?" Needless to say, line 11 is again pounded off. Janina 1. -- Janina Sajka, Phone: +1.202.595.7777; sip:janina@xxxxxxxx Partner, Capital Accessibility LLC http://CapitalAccessibility.Com Marketing the Owasys 22C talking screenless cell phone in the U.S. and Canada Learn more at http://ScreenlessPhone.Com Chair, Open Accessibility janina@xxxxxxxx Linux Foundation http://a11y.org -- fedora-devel-list mailing list fedora-devel-list@xxxxxxxxxx https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/fedora-devel-list