I'd just like to remind everyone of the firmware requirements for vendors that control their firmware and the driver upstreams: https://docs.kernel.org/driver-api/firmware/firmware-usage-guidelines.html Intel VPU it seems like you are not currently shipping upstream firmware, and might have tied your fw and userspace together. I'm cc'ing the AMD XDNA driver as it recently landed and I'd like them to confirm they are following the above requirements. The main reason we don't allow userspace/fw direct linkage is if a user deploys two containers with two different userspace drivers in them on the same hardware, what is the kernel driver supposed to do? Firmware should be abstracted in the kernel if it is not possible to build proper fw APIs for userspace to use directly, by proper I mean forward and backwards compatible. Thanks, Dave.