Re: [PATCH v4 7/9] drm: vkms: Refactor the plane composer to accept new formats

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On 01/21, Igor Torrente wrote:
> Currently the blend function only accepts XRGB_8888 and ARGB_8888
> as a color input.
> 
> This patch refactors all the functions related to the plane composition
> to overcome this limitation.
> 
> A new internal format(`struct pixel`) is introduced to deal with all
> possible inputs. It consists of 16 bits fields that represent each of
> the channels.
> 
> The pixels blend is done using this internal format. And new handlers
> are being added to convert a specific format to/from this internal format.
> 
> So the blend operation depends on these handlers to convert to this common
> format. The blended result, if necessary, is converted to the writeback
> buffer format.
> 
> This patch introduces three major differences to the blend function.
> 1 - All the planes are blended at once.
> 2 - The blend calculus is done as per line instead of per pixel.
> 3 - It is responsible to calculates the CRC and writing the writeback
>     buffer(if necessary).
> 
> These changes allow us to allocate way less memory in the intermediate
> buffer to compute these operations. Because now we don't need to
> have the entire intermediate image lines at once, just one line is
> enough.
> 
> | Memory consumption (output dimensions) |
> |:--------------------------------------:|
> |       Current      |     This patch    |
> |:------------------:|:-----------------:|
> |   Width * Heigth   |     2 * Width     |
> 
> Beyond memory, we also have a minor performance benefit from all
> these changes. Results running the IGT tests `*kms_cursor_crc*`:
>
First, thanks for this improvement.

Some recent changes in kms_cursor_crc caused VKMS to fail in most test
cases (iirc, only size-change and alpha-opaque are passing currently).
But saying that performance improvement here would cause a
misunderstanding when reviewing the change history. Can you update this
statistics here? I think you can specify the IGT hash to specify the
test case version or you can pick another test for comparison.  
> |                 Frametime                  |
> |:------------------------------------------:|
> |  Implementation |  Current  |  This commit |
> |:---------------:|:---------:|:------------:|
> | frametime range |  8~22 ms  |    5~18 ms   |
> |     Average     |  10.0 ms  |    7.3 ms    |
> 
> Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@xxxxxxxxx>
A little confusing for me to have this reported-by tag without any
explanation of what was reported and fixed. Can you specify it?
> Signed-off-by: Igor Torrente <igormtorrente@xxxxxxxxx>
> ---
> V2: Improves the performance drastically, by perfoming the operations
>     per-line and not per-pixel(Pekka Paalanen).
>     Minor improvements(Pekka Paalanen).
> 
> V3: Changes the code to blend the planes all at once. This improves
>     performance, memory consumption, and removes much of the weirdness
>     of the V2(Pekka Paalanen and me).
>     Minor improvements(Pekka Paalanen and me).
> 
> V4: Rebase the code and adapt it to the new NUM_OVERLAY_PLANES constant.
Can you move version changes up so that they are not ignored?

I also pointed out minor code style issue below.
With these comments addressed, you can add my r-b tag in the next
version.
> ---
>  drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/Makefile        |   1 +
>  drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_composer.c | 335 +++++++++++++--------------
>  drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_formats.c  | 138 +++++++++++
>  drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_formats.h  |  31 +++
>  4 files changed, 333 insertions(+), 172 deletions(-)
>  create mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_formats.c
>  create mode 100644 drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_formats.h
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/Makefile
> index 72f779cbfedd..1b28a6a32948 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/Makefile
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/Makefile
> @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ vkms-y := \
>  	vkms_drv.o \
>  	vkms_plane.o \
>  	vkms_output.o \
> +	vkms_formats.o \
>  	vkms_crtc.o \
>  	vkms_composer.o \
>  	vkms_writeback.o
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_composer.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_composer.c
> index 95029d2ebcac..9f70fcf84fb9 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_composer.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_composer.c
> @@ -9,202 +9,210 @@
>  #include <drm/drm_vblank.h>
>  
>  #include "vkms_drv.h"
> +#include "vkms_formats.h"
>  
> -static u32 get_pixel_from_buffer(int x, int y, const u8 *buffer,
> -				 const struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info)
> +static u16 pre_mul_blend_channel(u16 src, u16 dst, u16 alpha)
>  {
> -	u32 pixel;
> -	int src_offset = frame_info->offset + (y * frame_info->pitch)
> -					    + (x * frame_info->cpp);
> +	u32 new_color;
>  
> -	pixel = *(u32 *)&buffer[src_offset];
> +	new_color = (src * 0xffff + dst * (0xffff - alpha));
>  
> -	return pixel;
> +	return DIV_ROUND_UP(new_color, 0xffff);
>  }
>  
>  /**
> - * compute_crc - Compute CRC value on output frame
> + * pre_mul_alpha_blend - alpha blending equation
> + * @src_frame_info: source framebuffer's metadata
> + * @stage_buffer: The line with the pixels from src_plane
> + * @output_buffer: A line buffer that receives all the blends output
>   *
> - * @vaddr: address to final framebuffer
> - * @frame_info: framebuffer's metadata
> + * Using the information from the `frame_info`, this blends only the
> + * necessary pixels from the `stage_buffer` to the `output_buffer`
> + * using premultiplied blend formula.
>   *
> - * returns CRC value computed using crc32 on the visible portion of
> - * the final framebuffer at vaddr_out
> + * The current DRM assumption is that pixel color values have been already
> + * pre-multiplied with the alpha channel values. See more
> + * drm_plane_create_blend_mode_property(). Also, this formula assumes a
> + * completely opaque background.
>   */
> -static uint32_t compute_crc(const u8 *vaddr,
> -			    const struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info)
> +static void pre_mul_alpha_blend(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info,
> +				struct line_buffer *stage_buffer,
> +				struct line_buffer *output_buffer)
>  {
> -	int x, y;
> -	u32 crc = 0, pixel = 0;
> -	int x_src = frame_info->src.x1 >> 16;
> -	int y_src = frame_info->src.y1 >> 16;
> -	int h_src = drm_rect_height(&frame_info->src) >> 16;
> -	int w_src = drm_rect_width(&frame_info->src) >> 16;
> -
> -	for (y = y_src; y < y_src + h_src; ++y) {
> -		for (x = x_src; x < x_src + w_src; ++x) {
> -			pixel = get_pixel_from_buffer(x, y, vaddr, frame_info);
> -			crc = crc32_le(crc, (void *)&pixel, sizeof(u32));
> -		}
> +	int x, x_dst = frame_info->dst.x1;
> +	int x_limit = drm_rect_width(&frame_info->dst);
> +	struct line_buffer *out = output_buffer + x_dst;
> +	struct line_buffer *in = stage_buffer;
> +
> +	for (x = 0; x < x_limit; x++) {
> +		out[x].a = (u16)0xffff;
> +		out[x].r = pre_mul_blend_channel(in[x].r, out[x].r, in[x].a);
> +		out[x].g = pre_mul_blend_channel(in[x].g, out[x].g, in[x].a);
> +		out[x].b = pre_mul_blend_channel(in[x].b, out[x].b, in[x].a);
>  	}
> -
> -	return crc;
>  }
>  
> -static u8 blend_channel(u8 src, u8 dst, u8 alpha)
> +static bool check_y_limit(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info, int y)
>  {
> -	u32 pre_blend;
> -	u8 new_color;
> -
> -	pre_blend = (src * 255 + dst * (255 - alpha));
> -
> -	/* Faster div by 255 */
> -	new_color = ((pre_blend + ((pre_blend + 257) >> 8)) >> 8);
> +	if (y >= frame_info->dst.y1 && y < frame_info->dst.y2)
> +		return true;
>  
> -	return new_color;
> +	return false;
>  }
>  
>  /**
> - * alpha_blend - alpha blending equation
> - * @argb_src: src pixel on premultiplied alpha mode
> - * @argb_dst: dst pixel completely opaque
> - *
> - * blend pixels using premultiplied blend formula. The current DRM assumption
> - * is that pixel color values have been already pre-multiplied with the alpha
> - * channel values. See more drm_plane_create_blend_mode_property(). Also, this
> - * formula assumes a completely opaque background.
> - */
> -static void alpha_blend(const u8 *argb_src, u8 *argb_dst)
> -{
> -	u8 alpha;
> -
> -	alpha = argb_src[3];
> -	argb_dst[0] = blend_channel(argb_src[0], argb_dst[0], alpha);
> -	argb_dst[1] = blend_channel(argb_src[1], argb_dst[1], alpha);
> -	argb_dst[2] = blend_channel(argb_src[2], argb_dst[2], alpha);
> -}
> -
> -/**
> - * x_blend - blending equation that ignores the pixel alpha
> - *
> - * overwrites RGB color value from src pixel to dst pixel.
> - */
> -static void x_blend(const u8 *xrgb_src, u8 *xrgb_dst)
> -{
> -	memcpy(xrgb_dst, xrgb_src, sizeof(u8) * 3);
> -}
> -
> -/**
> - * blend - blend value at vaddr_src with value at vaddr_dst
> - * @vaddr_dst: destination address
> - * @vaddr_src: source address
> - * @dst_frame_info: destination framebuffer's metadata
> - * @src_frame_info: source framebuffer's metadata
> - * @pixel_blend: blending equation based on plane format
> + * @wb_frame_info: The writeback frame buffer metadata
> + * @wb_fmt_func: The format tranformatio function to the wb buffer
> + * @crtc_state: The crtc state
> + * @plane_fmt_func: A format tranformation function to each plane
> + * @crc32: The crc output of the final frame
> + * @output_buffer: A buffer of a row that will receive the result of the blend(s)
> + * @stage_buffer: The line with the pixels from src_compositor
>   *
> - * Blend the vaddr_src value with the vaddr_dst value using a pixel blend
> - * equation according to the supported plane formats DRM_FORMAT_(A/XRGB8888)
> - * and clearing alpha channel to an completely opaque background. This function
> - * uses buffer's metadata to locate the new composite values at vaddr_dst.
> + * This function blends the pixels (Using the `pre_mul_alpha_blend`)
> + * from all planes, calculates the crc32 of the output from the former step,
> + * and, if necessary, convert and store the output to the writeback buffer.
>   *
>   * TODO: completely clear the primary plane (a = 0xff) before starting to blend
>   * pixel color values
>   */
> -static void blend(void *vaddr_dst, void *vaddr_src,
> -		  struct vkms_frame_info *dst_frame_info,
> -		  struct vkms_frame_info *src_frame_info,
> -		  void (*pixel_blend)(const u8 *, u8 *))
> +static void blend(struct vkms_frame_info *wb_frame_info,
> +		  format_transform_func wb_fmt_func,
> +		  struct vkms_crtc_state *crtc_state,
> +		  format_transform_func *plane_fmt_func,
> +		  u32 *crc32, struct line_buffer *stage_buffer,
> +		  struct line_buffer *output_buffer, s64 row_size)
>  {
> -	int i, j, j_dst, i_dst;
> -	int offset_src, offset_dst;
> -	u8 *pixel_dst, *pixel_src;
> -
> -	int x_src = src_frame_info->src.x1 >> 16;
> -	int y_src = src_frame_info->src.y1 >> 16;
> -
> -	int x_dst = src_frame_info->dst.x1;
> -	int y_dst = src_frame_info->dst.y1;
> -	int h_dst = drm_rect_height(&src_frame_info->dst);
> -	int w_dst = drm_rect_width(&src_frame_info->dst);
> +	struct vkms_plane_state **plane = crtc_state->active_planes;
> +	struct vkms_frame_info *primary_plane_info = plane[0]->frame_info;
> +	u32 n_active_planes = crtc_state->num_active_planes;
>  
> +	int y_src = primary_plane_info->dst.y1;
> +	int h_dst = drm_rect_height(&primary_plane_info->dst);
>  	int y_limit = y_src + h_dst;
> -	int x_limit = x_src + w_dst;
> -
> -	for (i = y_src, i_dst = y_dst; i < y_limit; ++i) {
> -		for (j = x_src, j_dst = x_dst; j < x_limit; ++j) {
> -			offset_dst = dst_frame_info->offset
> -				     + (i_dst * dst_frame_info->pitch)
> -				     + (j_dst++ * dst_frame_info->cpp);
> -			offset_src = src_frame_info->offset
> -				     + (i * src_frame_info->pitch)
> -				     + (j * src_frame_info->cpp);
> -
> -			pixel_src = (u8 *)(vaddr_src + offset_src);
> -			pixel_dst = (u8 *)(vaddr_dst + offset_dst);
> -			pixel_blend(pixel_src, pixel_dst);
> -			/* clearing alpha channel (0xff)*/
> -			pixel_dst[3] = 0xff;
> +	int y, i;
> +
> +	for (y = y_src; y < y_limit; y++) {
> +		plane_fmt_func[0](primary_plane_info, y, output_buffer);
> +
> +		/* If there are other planes besides primary, we consider the active
> +		 * planes should be in z-order and compose them associatively:
> +		 * ((primary <- overlay) <- cursor)
> +		 */
> +		for (i = 1; i < n_active_planes; i++) {
> +			if (!check_y_limit(plane[i]->frame_info, y))
> +				continue;
> +
> +			plane_fmt_func[i](plane[i]->frame_info, y, stage_buffer);
> +			pre_mul_alpha_blend(plane[i]->frame_info, stage_buffer,
> +					    output_buffer);
>  		}
> -		i_dst++;
> +
> +		*crc32 = crc32_le(*crc32, (void *)output_buffer, row_size);
> +
> +		if (wb_frame_info)
> +			wb_fmt_func(wb_frame_info, y, output_buffer);
>  	}
>  }
>  
> -static void compose_plane(struct vkms_frame_info *primary_plane_info,
> -			  struct vkms_frame_info *plane_frame_info,
> -			  void *vaddr_out)
> +static void get_format_transform_functions(struct vkms_crtc_state *crtc_state,
> +					   format_transform_func plane_funcs[])
>  {
> -	struct drm_framebuffer *fb = plane_frame_info->fb;
> -	void *vaddr;
> -	void (*pixel_blend)(const u8 *p_src, u8 *p_dst);
> +	struct vkms_plane_state **active_planes = crtc_state->active_planes;
> +	u32 n_active_planes = crtc_state->num_active_planes, s_fmt;
> +	int i;
>  
> -	if (WARN_ON(dma_buf_map_is_null(&primary_plane_info->map[0])))
> -		return;
> +	for (i = 0; i < n_active_planes; i++) {
> +		s_fmt = active_planes[i]->frame_info->fb->format->format;
> +		plane_funcs[i] = get_fmt_transform_function(s_fmt);
> +	}
> +}
>  
> -	vaddr = plane_frame_info->map[0].vaddr;
> +static bool check_planes_x_bounds(struct vkms_crtc_state *crtc_state,
> +				  struct vkms_frame_info *wb_frame_info)
> +{
> +	struct vkms_plane_state **planes = crtc_state->active_planes;
> +	struct vkms_frame_info *primary_plane_info = planes[0]->frame_info;
> +	int line_width = drm_rect_width(&primary_plane_info->dst);
> +	u32 n_active_planes = crtc_state->num_active_planes;
> +	int i;
>  
> -	if (fb->format->format == DRM_FORMAT_ARGB8888)
> -		pixel_blend = &alpha_blend;
> -	else
> -		pixel_blend = &x_blend;
> +	for (i = 0; i < n_active_planes; i++) {
> +		int x_dst = planes[i]->frame_info->dst.x1;
> +		int x_src = planes[i]->frame_info->src.x1 >> 16;
> +		int x2_src = planes[i]->frame_info->src.x2 >> 16;
> +		int x_limit = drm_rect_width(&planes[i]->frame_info->dst);
>  
> -	blend(vaddr_out, vaddr, primary_plane_info,
> -	      plane_frame_info, pixel_blend);
> +		if (x_dst + x_limit > line_width)
> +			return false;
> +		if (x_src + x_limit > x2_src)
> +			return false;
> +	}
> +
> +	return true;
>  }
>  
> -static int compose_active_planes(void **vaddr_out,
> -				 struct vkms_frame_info *primary_plane_info,
> -				 struct vkms_crtc_state *crtc_state)
> +static int compose_active_planes(struct vkms_frame_info *wb_frame_info,
> +				 struct vkms_crtc_state *crtc_state,
> +				 u32 *crc32)
>  {
> -	struct drm_framebuffer *fb = primary_plane_info->fb;
> -	struct drm_gem_object *gem_obj = drm_gem_fb_get_obj(fb, 0);
> -	const void *vaddr;
> -	int i;
> +	format_transform_func plane_funcs[NUM_OVERLAY_PLANES], wb_func = NULL;
> +	int line_width, ret = 0, pixel_size = sizeof(struct line_buffer);
> +	struct vkms_frame_info *primary_plane_info = NULL;
> +	struct line_buffer *output_buffer, *stage_buffer;
> +	struct vkms_plane_state *act_plane = NULL;
> +	u32 wb_format;
>  
> -	if (!*vaddr_out) {
> -		*vaddr_out = kvzalloc(gem_obj->size, GFP_KERNEL);
> -		if (!*vaddr_out) {
> -			DRM_ERROR("Cannot allocate memory for output frame.");
> -			return -ENOMEM;
> -		}
> +	if (WARN_ON(pixel_size != 8))
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	if (crtc_state->num_active_planes >= 1) {
> +		act_plane = crtc_state->active_planes[0];
> +		if (act_plane->base.base.plane->type == DRM_PLANE_TYPE_PRIMARY)
> +			primary_plane_info = act_plane->frame_info;
>  	}
>  
> +	if (!primary_plane_info)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
>  	if (WARN_ON(dma_buf_map_is_null(&primary_plane_info->map[0])))
>  		return -EINVAL;
>  
> -	vaddr = primary_plane_info->map[0].vaddr;
> +	if (WARN_ON(!check_planes_x_bounds(crtc_state, wb_frame_info)))
> +		return -EINVAL;
>  
> -	memcpy(*vaddr_out, vaddr, gem_obj->size);
> +	line_width = drm_rect_width(&primary_plane_info->dst);
>  
> -	/* If there are other planes besides primary, we consider the active
> -	 * planes should be in z-order and compose them associatively:
> -	 * ((primary <- overlay) <- cursor)
> -	 */
> -	for (i = 1; i < crtc_state->num_active_planes; i++)
> -		compose_plane(primary_plane_info,
> -			      crtc_state->active_planes[i]->frame_info,
> -			      *vaddr_out);
> +	stage_buffer = kvmalloc(line_width * pixel_size, GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!stage_buffer) {
> +		DRM_ERROR("Cannot allocate memory for the output line buffer");
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +	}
>  
> -	return 0;
> +	output_buffer = kvmalloc(line_width * pixel_size, GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!output_buffer) {
> +		DRM_ERROR("Cannot allocate memory for intermediate line buffer");
> +		ret = -ENOMEM;
> +		goto free_stage_buffer;
> +	}
> +
> +	get_format_transform_functions(crtc_state, plane_funcs);
> +
> +	if (wb_frame_info) {
> +		wb_format = wb_frame_info->fb->format->format;
> +		wb_func = get_wb_fmt_transform_function(wb_format);
> +		wb_frame_info->src = primary_plane_info->src;
> +		wb_frame_info->dst = primary_plane_info->dst;
> +	}
> +
> +	blend(wb_frame_info, wb_func, crtc_state, plane_funcs, crc32,
> +	      stage_buffer, output_buffer, (s64)line_width * pixel_size);
> +
> +	kvfree(output_buffer);
> +free_stage_buffer:
> +	kvfree(stage_buffer);
> +
> +	return ret;
>  }
>  
>  /**
> @@ -222,13 +230,12 @@ void vkms_composer_worker(struct work_struct *work)
>  						struct vkms_crtc_state,
>  						composer_work);
>  	struct drm_crtc *crtc = crtc_state->base.crtc;
> +	struct vkms_writeback_job *active_wb = crtc_state->active_writeback;
> +	struct vkms_frame_info *wb_frame_info = &active_wb->frame_info;
>  	struct vkms_output *out = drm_crtc_to_vkms_output(crtc);
> -	struct vkms_frame_info *primary_plane_info = NULL;
> -	struct vkms_plane_state *act_plane = NULL;
>  	bool crc_pending, wb_pending;
> -	void *vaddr_out = NULL;
> -	u32 crc32 = 0;
>  	u64 frame_start, frame_end;
> +	u32 crc32 = 0;
>  	int ret;
>  
>  	spin_lock_irq(&out->composer_lock);
> @@ -248,35 +255,19 @@ void vkms_composer_worker(struct work_struct *work)
>  	if (!crc_pending)
>  		return;
>  
> -	if (crtc_state->num_active_planes >= 1) {
> -		act_plane = crtc_state->active_planes[0];
> -		if (act_plane->base.base.plane->type == DRM_PLANE_TYPE_PRIMARY)
> -			primary_plane_info = act_plane->frame_info;
> -	}
> -
> -	if (!primary_plane_info)
> -		return;
> -
>  	if (wb_pending)
> -		vaddr_out = crtc_state->active_writeback->data[0].vaddr;
> +		ret = compose_active_planes(wb_frame_info, crtc_state, &crc32);
> +	else
> +		ret = compose_active_planes(NULL, crtc_state, &crc32);
>  
> -	ret = compose_active_planes(&vaddr_out, primary_plane_info,
> -				    crtc_state);
> -	if (ret) {
> -		if (ret == -EINVAL && !wb_pending)
> -			kvfree(vaddr_out);
> +	if (ret)
>  		return;
> -	}
> -
> -	crc32 = compute_crc(vaddr_out, primary_plane_info);
>  
>  	if (wb_pending) {
>  		drm_writeback_signal_completion(&out->wb_connector, 0);
>  		spin_lock_irq(&out->composer_lock);
>  		crtc_state->wb_pending = false;
>  		spin_unlock_irq(&out->composer_lock);
> -	} else {
> -		kvfree(vaddr_out);
>  	}
>  
>  	/*
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_formats.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_formats.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..0d1838d1b835
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_formats.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ */
checkpatch complains here ^ Use `\\`
> +
> +#include <drm/drm_rect.h>
> +#include "vkms_formats.h"
> +
> +format_transform_func get_fmt_transform_function(u32 format)
> +{
> +	if (format == DRM_FORMAT_ARGB8888)
> +		return &ARGB8888_to_ARGB16161616;
> +	else
> +		return &XRGB8888_to_ARGB16161616;
> +}
> +
> +format_transform_func get_wb_fmt_transform_function(u32 format)
> +{
> +	if (format == DRM_FORMAT_ARGB8888)
> +		return &convert_to_ARGB8888;
> +	else
> +		return &convert_to_XRGB8888;
> +}
> +
> +static int pixel_offset(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info, int x, int y)
> +{
> +	return frame_info->offset + (y * frame_info->pitch)
> +				  + (x * frame_info->cpp);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * packed_pixels_addr - Get the pointer to pixel of a given pair of coordinates
> + *
> + * @frame_info: Buffer metadata
> + * @x: The x(width) coordinate of the 2D buffer
> + * @y: The y(Heigth) coordinate of the 2D buffer
> + *
> + * Takes the information stored in the frame_info, a pair of coordinates, and
> + * returns the address of the first color channel.
> + * This function assumes the channels are packed together, i.e. a color channel
> + * comes immediately after another in the memory. And therefore, this function
> + * doesn't work for YUV with chroma subsampling (e.g. YUV420 and NV21).
> + */
> +static void *packed_pixels_addr(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info, int x, int y)
> +{
> +	int offset = pixel_offset(frame_info, x, y);
> +
> +	return (u8 *)frame_info->map[0].vaddr + offset;
> +}
> +
> +static void *get_packed_src_addr(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info, int y)
> +{
> +	int x_src = frame_info->src.x1 >> 16;
> +	int y_src = y - frame_info->dst.y1 + (frame_info->src.y1 >> 16);
> +
> +	return packed_pixels_addr(frame_info, x_src, y_src);
> +}
> +
> +void ARGB8888_to_ARGB16161616(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info, int y,
> +			      struct line_buffer *stage_buffer)
> +{
> +	u8 *src_pixels = get_packed_src_addr(frame_info, y);
> +	int x, x_limit = drm_rect_width(&frame_info->dst);
> +
> +	for (x = 0; x < x_limit; x++, src_pixels += 4) {
> +		/*
> +		 * Organizes the channels in their respective positions and converts
> +		 * the 8 bits channel to 16.
> +		 * The 257 is the "conversion ratio". This number is obtained by the
> +		 * (2^16 - 1) / (2^8 - 1) division. Which, in this case, tries to get
> +		 * the best color value in a pixel format with more possibilities.
> +		 * And a similar idea applies to others RGB color conversions.
> +		 */
> +		stage_buffer[x].a = (u16)src_pixels[3] * 257;
> +		stage_buffer[x].r = (u16)src_pixels[2] * 257;
> +		stage_buffer[x].g = (u16)src_pixels[1] * 257;
> +		stage_buffer[x].b = (u16)src_pixels[0] * 257;
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +void XRGB8888_to_ARGB16161616(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info, int y,
> +			      struct line_buffer *stage_buffer)
> +{
> +	u8 *src_pixels = get_packed_src_addr(frame_info, y);
> +	int x, x_limit = drm_rect_width(&frame_info->dst);
> +
> +	for (x = 0; x < x_limit; x++, src_pixels += 4) {
> +		stage_buffer[x].a = (u16)0xffff;
> +		stage_buffer[x].r = (u16)src_pixels[2] * 257;
> +		stage_buffer[x].g = (u16)src_pixels[1] * 257;
> +		stage_buffer[x].b = (u16)src_pixels[0] * 257;
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * The following  functions take an line of ARGB16161616 pixels from the
> + * src_buffer, convert them to a specific format, and store them in the
> + * destination.
> + *
> + * They are used in the `compose_active_planes` to convert and store a line
> + * from the src_buffer to the writeback buffer.
> + */
> +void convert_to_ARGB8888(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info,
> +			 int y, struct line_buffer *src_buffer)
> +{
> +	int x, x_dst = frame_info->dst.x1;
> +	u8 *dst_pixels = packed_pixels_addr(frame_info, x_dst, y);
> +	int x_limit = drm_rect_width(&frame_info->dst);
> +
> +	for (x = 0; x < x_limit; x++, dst_pixels += 4) {
> +		/*
> +		 * This sequence below is important because the format's byte order is
> +		 * in little-endian. In the case of the ARGB8888 the memory is
> +		 * organized this way:
> +		 *
> +		 * | Addr     | = blue channel
> +		 * | Addr + 1 | = green channel
> +		 * | Addr + 2 | = Red channel
> +		 * | Addr + 3 | = Alpha channel
> +		 */
> +		dst_pixels[3] = DIV_ROUND_UP(src_buffer[x].a, 257);
> +		dst_pixels[2] = DIV_ROUND_UP(src_buffer[x].r, 257);
> +		dst_pixels[1] = DIV_ROUND_UP(src_buffer[x].g, 257);
> +		dst_pixels[0] = DIV_ROUND_UP(src_buffer[x].b, 257);
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +void convert_to_XRGB8888(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info,
> +			 int y, struct line_buffer *src_buffer)
> +{
> +	int x, x_dst = frame_info->dst.x1;
> +	u8 *dst_pixels = packed_pixels_addr(frame_info, x_dst, y);
> +	int x_limit = drm_rect_width(&frame_info->dst);
> +
> +	for (x = 0; x < x_limit; x++, dst_pixels += 4) {
> +		dst_pixels[3] = (u8)0xff;
> +		dst_pixels[2] = DIV_ROUND_UP(src_buffer[x].r, 257);
> +		dst_pixels[1] = DIV_ROUND_UP(src_buffer[x].g, 257);
> +		dst_pixels[0] = DIV_ROUND_UP(src_buffer[x].b, 257);
> +	}
> +}
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_formats.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_formats.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..817e8b2124ae
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/vkms/vkms_formats.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ */
and here ^

> +
> +#ifndef _VKMS_FORMATS_H_
> +#define _VKMS_FORMATS_H_
> +
> +#include "vkms_drv.h"
> +
> +struct line_buffer {
> +	u16 a, r, g, b;
> +};
> +
> +void ARGB8888_to_ARGB16161616(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info, int y,
> +			      struct line_buffer *stage_buffer);
> +
> +void XRGB8888_to_ARGB16161616(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info, int y,
> +			      struct line_buffer *stage_buffer);
> +
> +void convert_to_ARGB8888(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info, int y,
> +			 struct line_buffer *src_buffer);
> +
> +void convert_to_XRGB8888(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info, int y,
> +			 struct line_buffer *src_buffer);
> +
> +typedef void (*format_transform_func)(struct vkms_frame_info *frame_info, int y,
> +				      struct line_buffer *buffer);
> +
> +format_transform_func get_fmt_transform_function(u32 format);
> +
> +format_transform_func get_wb_fmt_transform_function(u32 format);
> +
> +#endif /* _VKMS_FORMATS_H_ */
> -- 
> 2.30.2
> 

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