On Wed, May 26, 2021 at 03:30:57PM +0100, Matthew Auld wrote: > On 26/05/2021 15:14, Tvrtko Ursulin wrote: > > From: Chris Wilson <chris@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> > > > > Only perform the domain transition under the object lock, and push the > > required waits to outside the lock. Do we have actual performance data justifying this? Anything else justifying this? If we resurrect patches, I do expect actual review happens here, and that's not even close the case for this patch here at least. I didn't bother looking at the others. -Daniel > > > > v2 (Tvrtko): > > * Rebase. > > > > Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> > > Reviewed-by: Matthew Auld <matthew.auld@xxxxxxxxx> # v1 > > Signed-off-by: Tvrtko Ursulin <tvrtko.ursulin@xxxxxxxxx> > > --- > > drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_clflush.c | 9 +- > > drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_clflush.h | 2 - > > drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_dmabuf.c | 4 +- > > drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_domain.c | 163 +++++------------- > > .../gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c | 4 +- > > drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_object.h | 12 +- > > .../gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_object_types.h | 6 + > > .../gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/huge_pages.c | 8 - > > .../i915/gem/selftests/i915_gem_coherency.c | 31 +++- > > .../drm/i915/gem/selftests/i915_gem_phys.c | 8 +- > > .../drm/i915/gem/selftests/igt_gem_utils.c | 3 + > > drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem.c | 4 +- > > 12 files changed, 89 insertions(+), 165 deletions(-) > > > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_clflush.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_clflush.c > > index daf9284ef1f5..e4c24558eaa8 100644 > > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_clflush.c > > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_clflush.c > > @@ -51,8 +51,6 @@ static struct clflush *clflush_work_create(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj) > > { > > struct clflush *clflush; > > - GEM_BUG_ON(!obj->cache_dirty); > > - > > clflush = kmalloc(sizeof(*clflush), GFP_KERNEL); > > if (!clflush) > > return NULL; > > @@ -101,13 +99,10 @@ bool i915_gem_clflush_object(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > trace_i915_gem_object_clflush(obj); > > - clflush = NULL; > > - if (!(flags & I915_CLFLUSH_SYNC)) > > - clflush = clflush_work_create(obj); > > + clflush = clflush_work_create(obj); > > if (clflush) { > > i915_sw_fence_await_reservation(&clflush->base.chain, > > - obj->base.resv, NULL, true, > > - i915_fence_timeout(to_i915(obj->base.dev)), > > + obj->base.resv, NULL, true, 0, > > I915_FENCE_GFP); > > dma_resv_add_excl_fence(obj->base.resv, &clflush->base.dma); > > dma_fence_work_commit(&clflush->base); > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_clflush.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_clflush.h > > index e6c382973129..4cd5787d1507 100644 > > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_clflush.h > > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_clflush.h > > @@ -9,12 +9,10 @@ > > #include <linux/types.h> > > -struct drm_i915_private; > > struct drm_i915_gem_object; > > bool i915_gem_clflush_object(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > unsigned int flags); > > #define I915_CLFLUSH_FORCE BIT(0) > > -#define I915_CLFLUSH_SYNC BIT(1) > > #endif /* __I915_GEM_CLFLUSH_H__ */ > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_dmabuf.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_dmabuf.c > > index ccede73c6465..0926e0895ee6 100644 > > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_dmabuf.c > > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_dmabuf.c > > @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ static int i915_gem_begin_cpu_access(struct dma_buf *dma_buf, enum dma_data_dire > > if (!err) > > err = i915_gem_object_pin_pages(obj); > > if (!err) { > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(obj, write); > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(obj, write); > > i915_gem_object_unpin_pages(obj); > > } > > if (err == -EDEADLK) { > > @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ static int i915_gem_end_cpu_access(struct dma_buf *dma_buf, enum dma_data_direct > > if (!err) > > err = i915_gem_object_pin_pages(obj); > > if (!err) { > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(obj, false); > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(obj, false); > > i915_gem_object_unpin_pages(obj); > > } > > if (err == -EDEADLK) { > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_domain.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_domain.c > > index 073822100da7..39fda97c49a7 100644 > > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_domain.c > > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_domain.c > > @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ flush_write_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, unsigned int flush_domains) > > break; > > case I915_GEM_DOMAIN_CPU: > > - i915_gem_clflush_object(obj, I915_CLFLUSH_SYNC); > > + i915_gem_clflush_object(obj, 0); > > break; > > case I915_GEM_DOMAIN_RENDER: > > @@ -97,34 +97,13 @@ void i915_gem_object_flush_if_display_locked(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj) > > * This function returns when the move is complete, including waiting on > > * flushes to occur. > > */ > > -int > > +void > > i915_gem_object_set_to_wc_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, bool write) > > { > > - int ret; > > - > > assert_object_held(obj); > > - ret = i915_gem_object_wait(obj, > > - I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE | > > - (write ? I915_WAIT_ALL : 0), > > - MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); > > - if (ret) > > - return ret; > > - > > if (obj->write_domain == I915_GEM_DOMAIN_WC) > > - return 0; > > - > > - /* Flush and acquire obj->pages so that we are coherent through > > - * direct access in memory with previous cached writes through > > - * shmemfs and that our cache domain tracking remains valid. > > - * For example, if the obj->filp was moved to swap without us > > - * being notified and releasing the pages, we would mistakenly > > - * continue to assume that the obj remained out of the CPU cached > > - * domain. > > - */ > > - ret = i915_gem_object_pin_pages(obj); > > - if (ret) > > - return ret; > > + return; > > flush_write_domain(obj, ~I915_GEM_DOMAIN_WC); > > @@ -145,9 +124,6 @@ i915_gem_object_set_to_wc_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, bool write) > > obj->write_domain = I915_GEM_DOMAIN_WC; > > obj->mm.dirty = true; > > } > > - > > - i915_gem_object_unpin_pages(obj); > > - return 0; > > } > > /** > > @@ -158,34 +134,13 @@ i915_gem_object_set_to_wc_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, bool write) > > * This function returns when the move is complete, including waiting on > > * flushes to occur. > > */ > > -int > > +void > > i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, bool write) > > { > > - int ret; > > - > > assert_object_held(obj); > > - ret = i915_gem_object_wait(obj, > > - I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE | > > - (write ? I915_WAIT_ALL : 0), > > - MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); > > - if (ret) > > - return ret; > > - > > if (obj->write_domain == I915_GEM_DOMAIN_GTT) > > - return 0; > > - > > - /* Flush and acquire obj->pages so that we are coherent through > > - * direct access in memory with previous cached writes through > > - * shmemfs and that our cache domain tracking remains valid. > > - * For example, if the obj->filp was moved to swap without us > > - * being notified and releasing the pages, we would mistakenly > > - * continue to assume that the obj remained out of the CPU cached > > - * domain. > > - */ > > - ret = i915_gem_object_pin_pages(obj); > > - if (ret) > > - return ret; > > + return; > > flush_write_domain(obj, ~I915_GEM_DOMAIN_GTT); > > @@ -214,9 +169,6 @@ i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, bool write) > > i915_vma_set_ggtt_write(vma); > > spin_unlock(&obj->vma.lock); > > } > > - > > - i915_gem_object_unpin_pages(obj); > > - return 0; > > } > > /** > > @@ -431,25 +383,23 @@ i915_gem_object_pin_to_display_plane(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > * This function returns when the move is complete, including waiting on > > * flushes to occur. > > */ > > -int > > +void > > i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, bool write) > > { > > - int ret; > > - > > assert_object_held(obj); > > - ret = i915_gem_object_wait(obj, > > - I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE | > > - (write ? I915_WAIT_ALL : 0), > > - MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); > > - if (ret) > > - return ret; > > - > > flush_write_domain(obj, ~I915_GEM_DOMAIN_CPU); > > /* Flush the CPU cache if it's still invalid. */ > > if ((obj->read_domains & I915_GEM_DOMAIN_CPU) == 0) { > > - i915_gem_clflush_object(obj, I915_CLFLUSH_SYNC); > > + /* > > + * While we track when we write though the CPU cache > > + * (with obj->cache_dirty), this is only a guide as we do > > + * not know when the CPU may have speculatively populated > > + * the cache. We have to invalidate such speculative cachelines > > + * prior to reading writes by the GPU. > > + */ > > + i915_gem_clflush_object(obj, 0); > > obj->read_domains |= I915_GEM_DOMAIN_CPU; > > } > > @@ -463,8 +413,6 @@ i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, bool write) > > */ > > if (write) > > __start_cpu_write(obj); > > - > > - return 0; > > } > > /** > > @@ -502,32 +450,14 @@ i915_gem_set_domain_ioctl(struct drm_device *dev, void *data, > > if (!obj) > > return -ENOENT; > > - /* > > - * Try to flush the object off the GPU without holding the lock. > > - * We will repeat the flush holding the lock in the normal manner > > - * to catch cases where we are gazumped. > > - */ > > - err = i915_gem_object_wait(obj, > > - I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE | > > - I915_WAIT_PRIORITY | > > - (write_domain ? I915_WAIT_ALL : 0), > > - MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); > > - if (err) > > - goto out; > > - > > if (i915_gem_object_is_userptr(obj)) { > > /* > > * Try to grab userptr pages, iris uses set_domain to check > > * userptr validity > > */ > > err = i915_gem_object_userptr_validate(obj); > > - if (!err) > > - err = i915_gem_object_wait(obj, > > - I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE | > > - I915_WAIT_PRIORITY | > > - (write_domain ? I915_WAIT_ALL : 0), > > - MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); > > - goto out; > > + if (err) > > + goto out; > > } > > /* > > @@ -572,11 +502,11 @@ i915_gem_set_domain_ioctl(struct drm_device *dev, void *data, > > goto out_unpin; > > if (read_domains & I915_GEM_DOMAIN_WC) > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_wc_domain(obj, write_domain); > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_wc_domain(obj, write_domain); > > else if (read_domains & I915_GEM_DOMAIN_GTT) > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(obj, write_domain); > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(obj, write_domain); > > else > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(obj, write_domain); > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(obj, write_domain); > > out_unpin: > > i915_gem_object_unpin_pages(obj); > > @@ -584,6 +514,11 @@ i915_gem_set_domain_ioctl(struct drm_device *dev, void *data, > > out_unlock: > > i915_gem_object_unlock(obj); > > + err = i915_gem_object_wait(obj, > > + I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE | > > + I915_WAIT_PRIORITY | > > + (write_domain ? I915_WAIT_ALL : 0), > > + MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); > > if (!err && write_domain) > > i915_gem_object_invalidate_frontbuffer(obj, ORIGIN_CPU); > > @@ -608,26 +543,21 @@ int i915_gem_object_prepare_read(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > assert_object_held(obj); > > - ret = i915_gem_object_wait(obj, > > - I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE, > > - MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); > > - if (ret) > > - return ret; > > - > > ret = i915_gem_object_pin_pages(obj); > > if (ret) > > return ret; > > if (obj->cache_coherent & I915_BO_CACHE_COHERENT_FOR_READ || > > - !static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CLFLUSH)) { > > - ret = i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(obj, false); > > - if (ret) > > - goto err_unpin; > > - else > > - goto out; > > - } > > + !static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CLFLUSH)) > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(obj, false); > > + else > > + flush_write_domain(obj, ~I915_GEM_DOMAIN_CPU); > > - flush_write_domain(obj, ~I915_GEM_DOMAIN_CPU); > > + ret = i915_gem_object_wait(obj, > > + I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE, > > + MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); > > + if (ret) > > + goto err_unpin; > > /* If we're not in the cpu read domain, set ourself into the gtt > > * read domain and manually flush cachelines (if required). This > > @@ -638,7 +568,6 @@ int i915_gem_object_prepare_read(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > !(obj->read_domains & I915_GEM_DOMAIN_CPU)) > > *needs_clflush = CLFLUSH_BEFORE; > > -out: > > /* return with the pages pinned */ > > return 0; > > @@ -658,27 +587,22 @@ int i915_gem_object_prepare_write(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > assert_object_held(obj); > > - ret = i915_gem_object_wait(obj, > > - I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE | > > - I915_WAIT_ALL, > > - MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); > > - if (ret) > > - return ret; > > - > > ret = i915_gem_object_pin_pages(obj); > > if (ret) > > return ret; > > if (obj->cache_coherent & I915_BO_CACHE_COHERENT_FOR_WRITE || > > - !static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CLFLUSH)) { > > - ret = i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(obj, true); > > - if (ret) > > - goto err_unpin; > > - else > > - goto out; > > - } > > + !static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CLFLUSH)) > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(obj, true); > > + else > > + flush_write_domain(obj, ~I915_GEM_DOMAIN_CPU); > > - flush_write_domain(obj, ~I915_GEM_DOMAIN_CPU); > > + ret = i915_gem_object_wait(obj, > > + I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE | > > + I915_WAIT_ALL, > > + MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); > > + if (ret) > > + goto err_unpin; > > /* If we're not in the cpu write domain, set ourself into the > > * gtt write domain and manually flush cachelines (as required). > > @@ -696,7 +620,6 @@ int i915_gem_object_prepare_write(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > *needs_clflush |= CLFLUSH_BEFORE; > > } > > -out: > > i915_gem_object_invalidate_frontbuffer(obj, ORIGIN_CPU); > > obj->mm.dirty = true; > > /* return with the pages pinned */ > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c > > index 297143511f99..40fda9e81a78 100644 > > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c > > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c > > @@ -1212,9 +1212,7 @@ static void *reloc_iomap(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > if (use_cpu_reloc(cache, obj)) > > return NULL; > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(obj, true); > > - if (err) > > - return ERR_PTR(err); > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(obj, true); > > vma = i915_gem_object_ggtt_pin_ww(obj, &eb->ww, NULL, 0, 0, > > PIN_MAPPABLE | > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_object.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_object.h > > index 2ebd79537aea..8bbc835e70ce 100644 > > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_object.h > > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_object.h > > @@ -515,12 +515,12 @@ void i915_gem_object_set_cache_coherency(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > void i915_gem_object_flush_if_display(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj); > > void i915_gem_object_flush_if_display_locked(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj); > > -int __must_check > > -i915_gem_object_set_to_wc_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, bool write); > > -int __must_check > > -i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, bool write); > > -int __must_check > > -i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, bool write); > > +void i915_gem_object_set_to_wc_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > + bool write); > > +void i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > + bool write); > > +void i915_gem_object_set_to_cpu_domain(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > + bool write); > > struct i915_vma * __must_check > > i915_gem_object_pin_to_display_plane(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj, > > struct i915_gem_ww_ctx *ww, > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_object_types.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_object_types.h > > index 0727d0c76aa0..b8f0413bc3b0 100644 > > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_object_types.h > > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_object_types.h > > @@ -188,6 +188,12 @@ struct drm_i915_gem_object { > > unsigned int cache_coherent:2; > > #define I915_BO_CACHE_COHERENT_FOR_READ BIT(0) > > #define I915_BO_CACHE_COHERENT_FOR_WRITE BIT(1) > > + /* > > + * Note cache_dirty is only a guide; we know when we have written > > + * through the CPU cache, but we do not know when the CPU may have > > + * speculatively populated the cache. Before a read via the cache > > + * of GPU written memory, we have to cautiously invalidate the cache. > > + */ > > unsigned int cache_dirty:1; > > /** > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/huge_pages.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/huge_pages.c > > index 33dd4e2a1010..d85ca79ac433 100644 > > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/huge_pages.c > > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/huge_pages.c > > @@ -972,14 +972,6 @@ static int gpu_write(struct intel_context *ce, > > u32 dw, > > u32 val) > > { > > - int err; > > - > > - i915_gem_object_lock(vma->obj, NULL); > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(vma->obj, true); > > - i915_gem_object_unlock(vma->obj); > > - if (err) > > - return err; > > - > > return igt_gpu_fill_dw(ce, vma, dw * sizeof(u32), > > vma->size >> PAGE_SHIFT, val); > > } > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/i915_gem_coherency.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/i915_gem_coherency.c > > index e937b6629019..77ba6d1ef4e4 100644 > > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/i915_gem_coherency.c > > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/selftests/i915_gem_coherency.c > > @@ -90,8 +90,13 @@ static int gtt_set(struct context *ctx, unsigned long offset, u32 v) > > int err = 0; > > i915_gem_object_lock(ctx->obj, NULL); > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(ctx->obj, true); > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(ctx->obj, true); > > i915_gem_object_unlock(ctx->obj); > > + > > + err = i915_gem_object_wait(ctx->obj, > > + I915_WAIT_ALL | > > + I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE, > > + HZ / 2); > > if (err) > > return err; > > @@ -123,8 +128,12 @@ static int gtt_get(struct context *ctx, unsigned long offset, u32 *v) > > int err = 0; > > i915_gem_object_lock(ctx->obj, NULL); > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(ctx->obj, false); > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(ctx->obj, false); > > i915_gem_object_unlock(ctx->obj); > > + > > + err = i915_gem_object_wait(ctx->obj, > > + I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE, > > + HZ / 2); > > if (err) > > return err; > > @@ -155,8 +164,13 @@ static int wc_set(struct context *ctx, unsigned long offset, u32 v) > > int err; > > i915_gem_object_lock(ctx->obj, NULL); > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_wc_domain(ctx->obj, true); > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_wc_domain(ctx->obj, true); > > i915_gem_object_unlock(ctx->obj); > > + > > + err = i915_gem_object_wait(ctx->obj, > > + I915_WAIT_ALL | > > + I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE, > > + HZ / 2); > > if (err) > > return err; > > @@ -178,8 +192,12 @@ static int wc_get(struct context *ctx, unsigned long offset, u32 *v) > > int err; > > i915_gem_object_lock(ctx->obj, NULL); > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_wc_domain(ctx->obj, false); > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_wc_domain(ctx->obj, false); > > i915_gem_object_unlock(ctx->obj); > > + > > + err = i915_gem_object_wait(ctx->obj, > > + I915_WAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE, > > + HZ / 2); > > if (err) > > return err; > > @@ -205,9 +223,7 @@ static int gpu_set(struct context *ctx, unsigned long offset, u32 v) > > return PTR_ERR(vma); > > i915_gem_object_lock(ctx->obj, NULL); > > - err = i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(ctx->obj, true); > > - if (err) > > - goto out_unlock; > > + i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(ctx->obj, false); > > IIRC Daniel pointed out that this looks odd, since this now becomes > write=false for some reason. I think keep this as write=true, since it does > look like that is what gpu_set wants. -- Daniel Vetter Software Engineer, Intel Corporation http://blog.ffwll.ch