On 31/10/2023 04:48, Bumyong Lee wrote: > module_amba_driver is macro for module_init/exit > module_init is device_initcall level when it configured > with built-in driver. > > pl330 is dmaengine driver. because slave drivers depend on > dmaengine drivers, dmaengine drivers is more appropriate > subsys_initcall. The same is true for all resource providers and we do not manually order them via initcalls. Sorry, this was fine as is. Implement defer for your drivers, not hack initcalls. If you upstreamed them, then it could even work out of the box for you . Best regards, Krzysztof