Re: Shell Scripts or Arbitrary Priority Callouts?

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On Tue, 2009-03-24 at 20:17 +0200, Pasi Kärkkäinen wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 24, 2009 at 01:30:10PM -0400, John A. Sullivan III wrote:
> > Thanks very much, again, and, again, I'll reply in the text - John
> > 
> 
> Np :)
> 
> > > 
> > > iirc 2810 does not have very big buffers per port, so you might be better
> > > using flow control instead of jumbos.. then again I'm not sure how good flow
> > > control implementation HP has? 
> > > 
> > > The whole point of flow control is to prevent packet loss/drop.. this happens
> > > with sending pause frames before the port buffers get full. If port buffers
> > > get full then the switch doesn't have any other option than to drop the
> > > packets.. and this causes tcp-retransmits -> causes delay and tcp slows down
> > > to prevent further packet drops.
> > > 
> > > flow control "pause frames" cause less delay than tcp-retransmits. 
> > > 
> > > Do you see tcp retransmits with "netstat -s" ? Check both the target and the initiators.
> > Thankfully this is an area of some expertise for me (unlike disk I/O -
> > obviously ;)  ).  We have been pretty thorough about checking the
> > network path.  We've not seen any upper layer retransmission or buffer
> > overflows.
> 
> Good :)
> 
> > > > > > > What kind of performance do you get using just a single iscsi session (and
> > > > > > > thus just a single path), no multipathing, no DM RAID0 ? Just a filesystem
> > > > > > > directly on top of the iscsi /dev/sd? device.
> > > > > > Miserable - same roughly 12 MB/s.
> > > > > 
> > > > > OK, Here's your problem. Was this btw reads or writes? Did you tune
> > > > > readahead-settings? 
> > > > 12MBps is sequential reading but sequential writing is not much
> > > > different.  We did tweak readahead to 1024. We did not want to go much
> > > > larger in order to maintain balance with the various data patterns -
> > > > some of which are random and some of which may not read linearly.
> > > 
> > > I did some benchmarking earlier between two servers; other one running ietd
> > > target with 'nullio' and other running open-iscsi initiator. Both using a single gigabit NIC. 
> > > 
> > > I remember getting very close to full gigabit speed at least with bigger
> > > block sizes. I can't remember how much I got with 4 kB blocks. 
> > > 
> > > Those tests were made with dd.
> > Yes, if we use 64KB blocks, we can saturate a Gig link.  With larger
> > sizes, we can push over 3 Gpbs over the four gig links in the test
> > environment.
> 
> That's good. 
> 
> > > 
> > > nullio target is a good way to benchmark your network and initiator and
> > > verify everything is correct. 
> > > 
> > > Also it's good to first test for example with FTP and Iperf to verify
> > > network is working properly between target and the initiator and all the
> > > other basic settings are correct.
> > We did flood ping the network and had all interfaces operating at near
> > capacity.  The network itself looks very healthy.
> 
> Ok. 
> 
> > > 
> > > Btw have you configured tcp stacks of the servers? Bigger default tcp window
> > > size, bigger maximun tcp window size etc.. 
> > Yep, tweaked transmit queue length, receive and transmit windows, net
> > device backlogs, buffer space, disabled nagle, and even played with the
> > dirty page watermarks.
> 
> That's all taken care of then :) 
> 
> Also on the target? 
> 
> > > 
> > > > > 
> > > > > Can paste your iSCSI session settings negotiated with the target? 
> > > > Pardon my ignorance :( but, other than packet traces, how do I show the
> > > > final negotiated settings?
> > > 
> > > Try:
> > > 
> > > iscsiadm -i -m session
> > > iscsiadm -m session -P3
> > > 
> > Here's what it says.  Pretty much as expected.  We are using COMSTAR on
> > the target and took some traces to see what COMSTAR was expecting. We
> > set the open-iscsi parameters to match:
> > 
> > Current Portal: 172.x.x.174:3260,2
> >         Persistent Portal: 172.x.x.174:3260,2
> >                 **********
> >                 Interface:
> >                 **********
> >                 Iface Name: default
> >                 Iface Transport: tcp
> >                 Iface Initiatorname: iqn.2008-05.biz.ssi:vd-gen
> >                 Iface IPaddress: 172.x.x.162
> >                 Iface HWaddress: default
> >                 Iface Netdev: default
> >                 SID: 32
> >                 iSCSI Connection State: LOGGED IN
> >                 iSCSI Session State: LOGGED_IN
> >                 Internal iscsid Session State: NO CHANGE
> >                 ************************
> >                 Negotiated iSCSI params:
> >                 ************************
> >                 HeaderDigest: None
> >                 DataDigest: None
> >                 MaxRecvDataSegmentLength: 131072
> >                 MaxXmitDataSegmentLength: 8192
> >                 FirstBurstLength: 65536
> >                 MaxBurstLength: 524288
> >                 ImmediateData: Yes
> >                 InitialR2T: Yes
> 
> I guess InitialR2T could be No for a bit better performance? 
> 
> MaxXmitDataSegmentLength looks small? 
> 
> > > > > You should be able to get many times the throughput you get now.. just with
> > > > > a single path/session.
> > > > > 
> > > > > What kind of latency do you have from the initiator to the target/storage? 
> > > > > 
> > > > > Try with for example 4 kB ping:
> > > > > ping -s 4096 <ip_of_the_iscsi_target>
> > > > We have about 400 micro seconds - that seems a bit high :(
> > > > rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.275/0.337/0.398/0.047 ms
> > > > 
> > > 
> > > Yeah.. that's a bit high. 
> > Actually, with more testing, we're seeing it stretch up to over 700
> > micro-seconds.  I'll attach a raft of data I collected at the end of
> > this email.
> 
> Ok.
> 
> > > I think Ross suggested in some other thread the following settings for e1000
> > > NICs:
> > > 
> > > "Set the e1000s InterruptThrottleRate=1 and their TxRingBufferSize=4096
> > > and RxRingBufferSize=4096 (verify those option names with a modinfo)
> > > and add those to modprobe.conf."
> > We did try playing with the ring buffer but to no avail.  Modinfo does
> > not seem to display the current settings.  We did try playing with
> > setting the InterruptThrottleRate to 1 but again to no avail.  As I'll
> > mention later, I suspect the issue might be the opensolaris based
> > target.
> 
> Could be..
> 
> > > 
> > > > I would love to use larger block sizes as you suggest in your other
> > > > email but, on AMD64, I believe we are stuck with 4KB.  I've not seen any
> > > > way to change it and would gladly do so if someone knows how.
> > > > 
> > > 
> > > Are we talking about filesystem block sizes? That shouldn't be a problem if
> > > your application uses larger blocksizes for read/write operations.. 
> > > 
> > Yes, file system block size.  When we try rough, end user style tests,
> > e.g., large file copies, we seem to get the performance indicated by 4KB
> > blocks, i.e., lousy!
> 
> Yep.. try upgrading to 10 Gbit Ethernet for much lower latency ;)
> 
> > > Try for example with:
> > > dd if=/dev/zero of=/iscsilun/file.bin bs=1024k count=1024
> > Large block sizes can make the system truly fly so we suspect you are
> > absolutely correct about latency being the issue.  We did do our testing
> > with raw interfaces by the way.
> 
> Ok.
> 
> > <snip>
> > I did a little digging and calculating and here is what I came up with
> > and sent to Nexenta.  Please tell me if I am on the right track.
> > 
> > I am using jumbo frames and should be able to get 2 4KB blocks
> > per frame.  Total size should be 8192 + 78 (TCP + IP + Ethernet + CRC
> > -oops we need to add iSCSI -what size is the iSCSI header?) + 12
> > (interframe gap) = 8282 bytes.  Transmission latency should be 8282 *
> > 8 / 1,000,000,000 = 66.3 micro-seconds.  Switch latency is 5.7
> > microseconds so let's say network latency is 72 - well let's say 75
> > micro-seconds.  The only additional latency should be added by the
> > network stacks on the target and initiator.
> > 
> > Current round trip latency between the initiator (Linux) and target
> > (Nexenta) is around 400 micro-seconds and fluctuates significantly:
> > 
> > Hmm . .  this is worse than the last test:
> > PING 172.30.13.158 (172.30.13.158) 8192(8220) bytes of data.
> 
> > --- 172.30.13.158 ping statistics ---
> > 33 packets transmitted, 33 received, 0% packet loss, time 32000ms
> > rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.399/0.574/1.366/0.161 ms
> > 
> > There is nothing going on in the network.  So we are seeing 574
> > micro-seconds total with only 150 micro-seconds attributed to
> > transmission.  And we see a wide variation in latency.
> >
> 
> Yeah something wrong there.. How much latency do you have between different
> initiator machines? 
>  
> > I then tested the latency between interfaces on the initiator and the
> > target.  Here is what I get for internal latency on the Linux initiator:
> > PING 172.30.13.18 (172.30.13.18) from 172.30.13.146 : 8192(8220) bytes
> > of data.
> > --- 172.30.13.18 ping statistics ---
> > 29 packets transmitted, 29 received, 0% packet loss, time 27999ms
> > rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.017/0.018/0.033/0.005 ms
> > 
> > A very consistent 18 micro-seconds.
> > 
> 
> Yeah, I take it that's not through network/switch :) 
> 
> > Here is what I get from the Z200:
> > root@disk01:/etc# ping -s -i e1000g6 172.30.13.190 4096
> > PING 172.30.13.190: 4096 data bytes
> > ----172.30.13.190 PING Statistics----
> > 31 packets transmitted, 31 packets received, 0% packet loss
> > round-trip (ms)  min/avg/max/stddev = 0.042/0.066/0.104/0.019
> > 
> 
> Big difference.. I'm not familiar with Solaris, so can't really suggest what
> to tune there.. 
> 
> > Notice it is several times longer latency with much wider variation.
> > How to we tune the opensolaris network stack to reduce it's latency? I'd
> > really like to improve the individual user experience.  I can tell them
> > it's like commuting to work on the train instead of the car during rush
> > hour - faster when there's lots of traffic but slower when there is not,
> > but they will judge the product by their individual experiences more
> > than their collective experiences.  Thus, I really want to improve the
> > individual disk operation throughput.
> > 
> > Latency seems to be our key.  If I can add only 20 micro-seconds of
> > latency from initiator and target each, that would be roughly 200 micro
> > seconds.  That would almost triple the throughput from what we are
> > currently seeing.
> > 
> 
> Indeed :) 
> 
> > Unfortunately, I'm a bit ignorant of tweaking networks on opensolaris.
> > I can certainly learn but am I headed in the right direction or is this
> > direction of investigation misguided? Thanks - John
> > 
> 
> Low latency is the key for good (iSCSI) SAN performance, as it directly
> gives you more (possible) IOPS. 
> 
> Other option is to configure software/settings so that there are multiple
> outstanding IO's on the fly.. then you're not limited with the latency (so much).
> 
> -- Pasi
<snip>
Ross has been of enormous help offline.  Indeed, disabling jumbo packets
produced an almost 50% increase in single threaded throughput.  We are
pretty well set although still a bit disappointed in the latency we are
seeing in opensolaris and have escalated to the vendor about addressing
it.

The once piece which is still a mystery is why using four targets on
four separate interfaces striped with dmadm RAID0 does not produce an
aggregate of slightly less than four times the IOPS of a single target
on a single interface. This would not seem to be the out of order SCSI
command problem of multipath.  One of life's great mysteries yet to be
revealed.  Thanks again, all - John
-- 
John A. Sullivan III
Open Source Development Corporation
+1 207-985-7880
jsullivan@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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