> Good point. In my previous response I did "echo garbage > > ........./foo__head_7FC1F406__1" to corrupt a replica. I think this may just happen when mixing O_DIRECT and buffer_io, which may just happen in Newstore. Or, inode content changes such as FileStore write " ........./foo__head_7FC1F406__1", then rm -f ........./foo__head_7FC1F406__1 and echo garbage > ........./foo__head_7FC1F406__1 Or, you just write 4bytes in object ........./foo__head_7FC1F406__1 and echo > 4bytes data to " ........./foo__head_7FC1F406__1", which will lead to extent changed. If the extent is already allocated and echo new content, you can read out the modified data immediately -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe ceph-devel" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html