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Volume 5 Number 9
January 2008
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Recently,
the global investment firm Goldman Sachs JBWere reported some gratifying but
not really surprising study results. The firm found that companies who did
not adequately manage occupational safety and health performed worse
financially than companies that did. The findings suggest that smart
investors will do well to look at companies’ occupational safety and
health policies and practices as a factor for deciding where to put their
capital http://www.gsjbw.com/documents/About/MediaRoom/GSJBW-WHS-Report-Media-Release.pdf.
Similarly,
an article in the December 1, 2007, issue of The Economist highlighted
the savings that have been realized by a software company that does well by
being good to its employees. The company’s employee-friendly services
include an in-house primary health care center and a long-term wellness
program http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10208507.
These
reports are part of a growing body of evidence that it makes good business
sense to put a premium on employee safety and health. Productivity,
profitability, strong safety and health performance, respect for employees,
respect for customers, and social responsibility are all intertwined.
NIOSH
and its partners are addressing the questions that often arise from CEOs,
Chief Operating Officers, and corporate boards when this "business
case" is put forth: What hard evidence exists to support the assertion
that worker safety and health is good for business? What gaps exist in that
evidence? What and how can other companies learn from good corporate
citizens?
In
addition to looking closely at pioneering efforts here in the U.S., NIOSH and
its partners also are looking at international efforts to bolster the
"business case" for the prevention of work-related injuries,
illnesses, and deaths. Economic strategists in the U.K. and Australia, as
well as financial institutions such as the Inter-American Development Bank
and the World Bank, are leading efforts globally to stimulate safety, health,
and social responsibility as good management tenets.
The
Economics Coordinated Emphasis Area, one of NIOSH's high-priority programs,
focuses on those challenges and opportunities, in partnership with diverse
colleagues from industry, labor, safety, health, government, and academia.
This focus is made explicit through the program's strategic plan, which is
built around four strategic goals. These goals emphasize the importance of
partners (goal 4) as well as the diffusion of research into practice (goal
3). They also address strategies for research (goals 1 and 2) on issues that
are vital from the employer's business perspective, on ways to integrate
economic issues with overall worker safety and health, on leveraging such
integration through management systems, and on the economics of occupational
safety and health at a global level (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/econ/goals.html).
NIOSH
is working to address these goals in a variety of ways:
We are encouraging greater dialogue between economists and safety and
health professionals:
- To stimulate discussion on the costs and
benefits to prevent occupational injury and illness from the employer's
perspective, the NIOSH Economics program sponsored a seminar by Dr.
Ronald Kessler, professor of health care policy at Harvard Medical
School, on "Making the Business Case for Health and
Productivity."
- The NIOSH Economics program
in collaboration with the NIOSH Global Collaborations Cross-Sector
program sponsored a seminar, "Safety and Health at Work: A
Perspective from the Inter-American Development Bank." The seminar
stimulated discussion concerning research and collaboration on ways to
finance the development of infrastructure services needed for national
economic growth, while ensuring that each supported project is assessed,
approved, and monitored according to fundamental principles for
environmental, social, health and safety, and labor aspects.
We are developing new partnerships with outside organizations that
have also engaged discussion on an integrated approach to foster a healthier
and safer American workforce:
- One such organization is the
Integrated Benefits Institute (IBI), a national non-profit research and
education organization focusing on the issues surrounding health,
productivity, and the bottom line. Through their partnership, the NIOSH
Economics program and IBI encourage research in several areas, including
the economic aspects of issues raised by the NIOSH WorkLife initiative.
WorkLife focuses on the intersections between safety and health,
employee health promotion, job satisfaction, product quality, and
customer satisfaction.
Within NIOSH, through its strategic planning and activities, the NIOSH
Economics program guides and coordinates the infusion of economic issues into
related efforts by other NIOSH programs such as WorkLife and Prevention
through Design (PtD):
- Economists acknowledge that a company’s
economic health can be measured, in part, by its employee health costs,
but corporate executives and shareholders understandably, from their
perspective, demand other measures as well. WorkLife seeks to stimulate
research for answering more complex questions: How do health and safety
interact with absenteeism, productivity, and morale? How do health and
safety relate to employee turnover and recruitment? By extension, how do
investments for health and safety pay for themselves in savings from
customer satisfaction with high-quality goods and services that are
produced by a healthy, motivated work force?
- The employer's perspective,
including the importance of management systems, also is explored through
PtD, which is based on the principle that companies can achieve
substantial savings by incorporating worker safety and health into the
design of work and workplaces. With partners such as the American
Industrial Hygiene Association, the National Safety Council, and
Organization Resources Counselors Inc., NIOSH is stimulating research to
better understand how the cost-effectiveness of safety and health
interventions relate to PtD overall, and also, how other components of
PtD – such as environmental stewardship and product quality
– relate to the cost-effectiveness of safety and health.
These
NIOSH efforts are beginning to generate excellent, thought-provoking
research. As you read the recent reports from Goldman Sachs JBWere and The Economist,
I encourage you to join us in charting the course of our programs in the
coming year and beyond. Partnerships have been vital for our progress to
date. They will be even more vital as safety and health moves higher and
higher on the agendas of corporate board meetings and shareholder meetings.
(Thanks to Dr. Rene Pana-Cryan,
NIOSH Economics Coordinator, for her collaboration on this month's column.)
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NIOSH Draft
Offers Interim Guidance on Medical Screening of Workers Potentially Exposed
to Engineered Nanoparticles
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Deadline for public comment is February 15, 2008.
NIOSH is seeking public review and comment on a draft document of interim
guidance concerning the medical screening of workers potentially exposed to
engineered nanoparticles in the manufacture and industrial use of
nanoparticles. The document is posted on the NIOSH Web page, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/review/public/115/,
along with details on how to submit comments to the NIOSH Docket. The
guidance was developed to generate discussion, fill current knowledge gaps
and provide interim recommendations until further scientific information
becomes available.
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The
NIOSH Science Blog post on Ergonomics for Construction Workers (posted
12/17/2007) discusses simple and inexpensive solutions developed by NIOSH to
make construction tasks easier, more comfortable, and better suited to the
needs of the human body. Construction is one of the most hazardous industries
in the United States. The nature of the work puts many workers at risk of
developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
The
Youth@Work: Talking Safety blog (posted 1/7/2008) highlights a new NIOSH
curriculum designed to teach young people about occupational safety and
health. Millions of teens work in the U.S. and an estimated160,000 youths
sustain work-related injuries and illnesses each year.
We invite you to share your ideas
with NIOSH scientists and each other on the blog at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/blog/.
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Interested in
Construction Safety and Health?
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NIOSH Welcomes
National Academies’ Panel Report from Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing Program
Review
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 On December 19, NIOSH received a
report of findings and recommendations from a review by a committee of the
National Academies. The review committee assessed the scientific soundness,
relevance and impact of the NIOSH agriculture, forestry and fishing program.
The full 311-page report, which includes detailed results of the public
review and recommendations for improving NIOSH’s program, can be viewed
at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nas/AgForFish/review.html.
This program review is one of nine such reviews that the National Academies
is conducting at NIOSH’s request.
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NIOSH Funding
Supports Katrina Health Study at Tulane
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Under a competitive research grant
from NIOSH, researchers at Tulane University are conducting a health study to
determine if post-Hurricane Katrina exposures of workers to dusts containing
bio-aerosols (bacteria and mold) are associated with changes in respiratory
health. The study will include approximately 1,000 New Orleans area workers
performing demolition and remediation work; trash and debris removal/disposal
and landfill work; street, sewerage and water-line repair; general
construction work; tree cutting and landscape restoration; and facilities
services work. More information on the study is available from the Tulane
program at KatrinaWorkerStudy@xxxxxxxxxx
or by phone at 504-988-3846.
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Office of
Extramural Programs Announces new RFAs
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New Extramural Research Funding
Opportunities
With the passage of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2008 in late
December, NIOSH received increased funding targeted to its extramural
programs. An increase in NORA and Mining research funding will enable NIOSH
to sponsor several new research initiatives and to fund additional research
under its general program and cooperative agreement announcements. Potential
extramural applicants are encouraged to monitor funding opportunity websites
(NIH Guide at http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/search_guide.htm
and http://www.grants.gov/) for existing
funding opportunities, and for opportunities that will be published in the
near future. A summary of these opportunities and their funding deadlines
follows:
Career Development Grants in
Occupational Safety and Health Research (K01):
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-08-070.html
The upcoming deadlines are Feb. 12, 2008 and June 12, 2008 for new
applications, and March 12, 2008 and July 12, 2008 for renewals,
resubmissions, and revisions.
Mining Occupational Safety and Health
Research:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-OH-08-003.html
Application deadline of March 26, 2008.
National Mesothelioma Virtual Registry and Tissue Bank:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-OH-08-002.html
Application deadline of March 26, 2008.
NIOSH Exploratory and/or
Developmental Grant Program (R21):
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-06-552.html
The upcoming deadlines are Feb. 16, 2008 and June 16, 2008 for new
applications, and March 16, 2008 and July 16, 2008 for renewals,
resubmissions, and revisions.
NIOSH Small Research Grant Program
(R03):
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-06-551.html
The upcoming deadlines are Feb. 16, 2008 and June 16, 2008 for new
applications, and March 16, 2008 and July 16, 2008 for renewals,
resubmissions, and revisions.
NIOSH Support for Conferences and
Scientific Meetings (R13):
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-08-072.html
The upcoming deadlines for all applications (new, renewals, resubmissions,
and revisions) are April 12, 2008 and August 12, 2008.
Occupational Safety and Health
Research (R01):
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-07-318.html
The upcoming deadlines are Feb. 5, 2008 and June 5, 2008 for new
applications, and March 5, 2008 and July 5, 2008 for renewals, resubmissions,
and revisions.
Small Business Innovation Research
Grants (R43 and R44):
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-07-280.html
The upcoming deadlines for all applications (new, renewals, resubmissions,
and revisions) are April 5, 2008 and August 5, 2008.
Workplace Violence Prevention Research:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-OH-08-004.html
Application deadline of March 26, 2008.
National Center of Excellence for the
Prevention of Childhood Agricultural Injury:
Anticipated application deadline of March 26, 2008. (Pending)
Please contact the NIOSH Office of
Extramural Programs for additional details (Telephone: 404-498-2530; E-mail: oepcorrespond@xxxxxxx).
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Update on
NIOSH Hearing Loss Prevention Efforts
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Theresa Schulz completes term as
President of National Association
Dr. Theresa Schulz of the NIOSH Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL) will
complete her term as President of the National Hearing Conservation
Association during their annual meeting next month. Dr. Schulz is the Manager
of the Audiology Team in the Hearing Loss Prevention Branch at PRL. The
National Hearing Conservation Association will host its 33rd Annual Meeting
February 21-23, 2008 in Portland, OR. http://www.hearingconservation.org/conf_info2008.html.
 New Hearing Loss Prevention Publications
Inquiring
Ears Want to Know: A Fact Sheet about Your Hearing Test (2008-102) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pubreference/outputid2573.htm.
They’re
Your Ears: Protect Them (2007-175) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-175/.
Have
you Heard? Hearing Loss Caused by Farm Noise is Preventable (2007-176) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-176/.
 Hearing
Loss Prevention Unit rolls into Vegas
The Hearing Loss Prevention Unit will be on display at “ConExpo/CONAGG
2008” in Las Vegas, NV, March 11–15. More information on the
conference can be found at http://www.conexpoconagg.com.
This international conference exposition showcases the latest equipment,
products, services and technologies.
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CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
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Evaluation of Results from
Occupational Tuberculin Skin Tests – Mississippi, 2006
The December 21, 2007 issue of the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention’s Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) highlights the
results from a NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5650a3.htm.
NIOSH investigators, responding to a request from a Mississippi fire
department, evaluated the accuracy of a two-step tuberculin skin test (TST)
which had been administered to fire department personnel. Nine firefighters
had tested positive for tuberculosis (TB) infection based on the skin tests.
NIOSH investigators retested the firefighters and seven tested negative.
NIOSH concluded that the false-positive results were the result of
interpretation errors resulting from the change in the tuberculin used and
inexperience in interpreting TST results.
Acute
Pesticide Poisoning Associated with Pyraclostrobin Fungicide – Iowa, 2007
The January 4, 2008 issue of MMWR, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5651a3.htm,
describes five events involving occupational exposure to the pesticide pyraclostrobin. In July 2007, the Iowa Department of Public
Health received reports of five events that sickened 33 people, including 27
migrant workers who were exposed during a single aerial application. All of
the exposures except one were due to off-target drifts of the pesticide to
adjacent fields or property. The report recommended pesticide applicators
avoid aerial application of pesticides when workers are in nearby fields and
take measures to minimize off-target pesticide drift.
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NIOSH Docket
105: Hazardous Drugs
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The Web page for the NIOSH Docket
105 “Hazardous Drugs” has been updated with presentations and
transcripts from an August 28, 2007, meeting to discuss the draft document,
“NIOSH Hazardous Drugs List Update.” The update also includes
public comments submitted to the NIOSH Docket. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/nioshdocket0105.html.
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In Memoriam:
Joseph Costello
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 (by
Michael Attfield, NIOSH Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, with
contributions from other of Joe's former co-workers at NIOSH)
Joseph Costello's friends and former co-workers at NIOSH were saddened to
learn that Joe passed away on December 28. Joe started his long and
distinguished career at NIOSH in 1972. Prior to that he had received his B.S.
at the University of Vermont and M.S. from Louisiana State University, and
had then gone on to work as a biomedical statistician for several drug
companies before joining NIOSH. He became a major researcher on mortality
from occupational lung disease within the Division of Respiratory Disease
Studies, publishing on coal miners (1974 – 79), metal miners (1974),
oil shale workers (1979 – 85), granite workers (1988 – 2004), and
crushed stone workers (1995). His work on coal miners was featured in the
NIOSH Criteria Document for respirable coal mine dust (1995), while his
results on Vermont granite workers were especially noted by the International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in their 1997 Monograph as evidencing
risk of lung cancer from silica exposure. Joe retired in 1999 after 27 years
with NIOSH. He was a quiet but kindly and helpful man. Following heart
surgery in his retirement, he found it painful to support the weight of his
accordion. So he then took up piano lessons, and later managed to entertain
fellow nursing home residents playing his favorite songs. All through life he
pursued these and many other interests, which included writing a history of
the regional airport. As a personal remembrance, I recall with fondness how
he took me under his wing when I first came to this country in 1977.
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South East Asian Region Workshop
NIOSH participated in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) South East
Asian Region Workshop in November 2007. The workshop was held in Chennai,
India and brought together individuals from Ministries of Labor, Ministries
of Health, WHO Collaborating Centers and country-level WHO offices. During
the workshop, participants received training on selected risk-management
toolkits that apply control banding principles, and developed post-workshop
actions to improve occupational safety and health conditions. Participants
took part in country-level activities, which created incentives for small-
and medium-sized enterprise owners to use the toolkits, and generated
guidance sheets of specific practical control solutions for workplaces.
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 Featured Partner
NIOSH has a long history of working with partners to achieve our mission of
protecting workers from illness and injury. The Research to Practice (r2p)
initiative has confirmed NIOSH’s commitment to partnership involvement
throughout the research process by promoting the adoption of technologies,
interventions, and knowledge in the workplace. The Featured Partner section
will appear quarterly to recognize active partners who currently work with
NIOSH to achieve improved worker safety and health.
Pan American Health Organization
NIOSH has been a Collaborating Center of the Pan American Health Organization
(PAHO), the Americas region of the World Health Organization, since 1976.
Through the NIOSH Global Collaborations cross-sector program in partnership
with PAHO, several projects have seen success for workers in the Americas,
including the Americas Initiative to Eliminate Silicosis, Global Road Safety
for Workers, and Needlestick Injury Prevention. NIOSH and PAHO also work
together on technical assistance for the Americas region. Dr. Maritza
Tennassee and her team at PAHO are valued partners of NIOSH.
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 NIOSH requests
poster submissions for the NORA 2008: Public Market for Ideas and
Partnerships Symposium, July 29, 2008
The Symposium held in Denver, CO, will be accompanied by a parallel virtual
conference on the internet. The poster presentations, both online and
face-to-face, will be at the heart of the exchange between researchers and
practitioners. Posters will describe project results or ideas for future
work. Conversations, comment cards and message boards will encourage dialogue
between the presenter and the viewer about the importance of the work to the
viewer as well as possible collaborations and partnerships to use the results
to improve workplace practice. All poster submissions will be considered for
both the live and virtual meetings. The deadline for submission is March 7,
2008. For more information, go to http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nora/symp08/callforposters.html.
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CDC’s Injury Center Finds Increase in Injury Mortality
After a two-decade period of decline, injury death rates in the U.S. rose
more than five percent between 1999 and 2004. Using data from the National
Vital Statistics System, researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention’s National Center for Injury Prevention and Control found
increases in unintentional injury mortality, suicide and death from injury of
undetermined intent. The full report is available in the December 14, 2007
issue of CDC’s Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5649a1.htm.
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 Health Care
Use of Blunt-Tip Suture Needles to Decrease Percutaneous Injuries to Surgical
Personnel (2008-101) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2008-101/.
Waste
Anesthetic Gases – Occupational Hazard in Hospitals (2007-151) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-151/.
 Mining
NIOSH has released the 2004 series of the Mining Fact Sheets covering
underground and surface mining; coal, metal, non-metal, stone, sand and
gravel operations; and coal and non-coal contractors.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/statistics/facts.htm.
Technology News
528 - Recirculation Filter Is Key to Improving Dust Control in Enclosed Cabs
(2008-100)
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pubreference/outputid2546.htm.
529
– New Technology for Ground Control in Multiple-Seam Mining (2008-103) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pubreference/outputid2549.htm.
Three
publications previously available in print have now been added to the NIOSH
Web site.
Effectiveness
of Selected Diesel Particulate Matter Control Technologies for Underground
Mining Applications: Isolated Zone Study, 2003 (2006-126) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pubreference/outputid1778.htm.
Handbook
for Methane Control in Mining (2006-127) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pubreference/outputid1779.htm.
Field
Evaluation of Seat Designs for Underground Coal Mine Shuttle Cars (2007-100) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pubreference/outputid2227.htm.
Health Hazard
Evaluations
Manufacturing
Sector: Evaluation of chloramine exposure
NIOSH responded to a request for technical assistance from the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) concerning potential exposure of inspectors
to chloramines in a poultry processing facility. HHE program researchers
recommended that USDA staff continue to monitor any reported health problems
and collaborate with the facility’s operators to identify specific
controls that may be implemented to prevent symptoms. HHE program researchers
also recommended that inspectors report any work-related health problems that
they experience to facility health personnel immediately. The final report is
available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2004-0337-3051.pdf.
Services Sector: Evaluation of a
cholinesterase monitoring program
NIOSH responded to a request from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
to assess the need and best methods for biological monitoring of coumaphos,
an organophosphate pesticide, in animal health technicians responsible for a
tick eradication program. Coumaphos was not found in the air, but was found
on workers’ hands and clothing. Urinary chlorferon, a metabolite of
coumaphos, levels rose significantly after application of the pesticide. HHE
program researchers made recommendations that USDA managers determine
appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for tasks performed by the
animal health technicians, and enforce its use. Researchers also recommended
that USDA managers continue cholinesterase monitoring, consider use of field
test kits, and determine if urinary chlorferon levels can be used to monitor
coumaphos exposure. HHE program researchers recommended that USDA employees
wear appropriate PPE when working with pesticides. The final report is
available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2002-0203-3050.pdf.
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Look for Us
The NIOSH Exhibit Booth will be at these upcoming conferences.
Construction
Safety Council – Booths 412 and 414
Rosemont, IL
February 12 – 14, 2008
http://www.buildsafe.org/confnews/2008/conf_dx.html
Society
of Mining Engineers (SME) Annual Meeting and Exhibit – Booth 1535
Salt Lake City, UT
February 24 – 27, 2008
http://www.smenet.org/meetings/details/?meeting=2008%20SME%20Annual%20Meeting%20%26%20Exhibit
Fire
Department Instructors Conference – Booth 248
Indianapolis, IN
April 9 – 12, 2008
http://fdic08.events.pennnet.com/fl//index.cfm
Call for Abstracts
“14th International Society for Respiratory
Protection,” September 14 – 18, 2008, Dublin, Ireland. Deadline
is June 30, 2008. http://www.isrp.com/dublin/.
“International
Roofing Expo 2008”
February 21 – 23, 2008, Las Vegas, NV. http://www.theroofingexpo.com/Roofing07/public/Content.aspx?ID=6980&left=0&Nav=0
“Work, Stress,
and Health 2008: Health and Safe Work Through Research, Practice, and
Partnerships”
March 6 – 8, 2008, Washington, DC. http://www.apa.org/pi/work/wsh.html.
“Semiconductor
Environmental, Safety and Health Association (SESHA) Annual Symposium and
Expo”
March 25 – 29, 2008, Portland, OR. http://www.seshaonline.org/meetings/2008/index.php3.
“Fire
Department Instructors Conference 2008”
April 7 – 12, 2008, Indianapolis,
IN. http://fdic08.events.pennnet.com/fl//index.cfm.
“American
Association of Occupational Health Nurses”
April 25 – May 2, 2008, Salt Lake City, UT. http://www.aaohn.org/education/symposium-expo/index.cfm.
“International
Association of Fire Chiefs 2008 International Hazardous Materials Response
Teams Conference”
May 29 – June 1, 2008, Hunt Valley, MD. http://iafc.confex.com/iafc/haz08/cfp.cgi.
“2008 American
Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition”
May 31 – June 5, 2008, Minneapolis, Minnesota. http://www.aiha.org/aihce08/.
“NSTI Nanotech
Annual Conference”
June 1 – 5, 2008, Boston, MA. http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2008.
“2008 World
Safety Conference and Exposition”
June 2 – 6, 2008, Las Vegas, NV. http://www.nfpa.org/wsce.
American Society of
Safety Engineers “SAFETY 2008” Professional Development
Conference and Exposition
June 9 – 12, 2008, Las Vegas, NV. http://www.asse.org/speakerpage08.
“12th
US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium”
June 11 – 18, 2008, Reno, NV. http://www.unr.edu/ventsymp2008.
“2008 ASTM
Boulder Conference on Surface and Dermal Sampling”
August 4 – 8, 2008, Boulder, Colorado. Kevin Ashley in the NIOSH
Division of Applied Research and Technology is the Symposium Chair. http://www.astm.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/filtrexx40.cgi?U+mystore+swqs8906+-P+EVENT_ID+1080+/usr6/htdocs/astm.org/SYMPOSIA/callforpapers.frm.
“International
Association of Fire Chiefs Fire Rescue International 2008”
August 14 – 16, 2008, Denver, CO. http://www.iafc.org.
“2008 National
Occupational Injury Research Symposium (NOIRS)”
October 21 – 23, 2008, Pittsburgh, PA. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noirs/2008.
“8th Conference of the European Academy of
Occupational Health Psychology”
November 12 – 14, 2008, Valencia, Spain. http://www.ea-ohp.org.
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Pyraclostrobin: an agricultural
pesticide used to kill fungi, such as blights, mildew, molds and rusts. The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has classified it as a category II
toxin. It can cause substantial but temporary eye injury and skin irritation.
It can be fatal if swallowed..
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