On Thu, Jul 20, 2023 at 02:45:14PM +0800, Xuan Zhuo wrote: > virtqueue_dma_dev() return the device that working with the DMA APIs. > Then that can be used like other devices. So what is the problem. > > I always think the code path without the DMA APIs is the trouble for you. Because we now have an API where the upper level drivers sometimes see the dma device and sometimes not. This will be abused and cause trouble sooner than you can say "layering".