Add a selftest that tests the whole workflow for collecting,
aggregating, and display cgroup hierarchical stats.
The test loads tracing bpf programs at the beginning and ending of
direct reclaim to measure the vmscan latency. Per-cgroup readings are
stored in percpu maps for efficiency. When a cgroup reading is updated,
bpf_cgroup_rstat_updated() is called to add the cgroup (and the current
cpu) to the rstat updated tree. When a cgroup is added to the rstat
updated tree, all its parents are added as well. rstat makes sure
cgroups are popped in a bottom up fashion.
When an rstat flush is invoked, an rstat flusher program is called for
per-cgroup per-cpu pairs on the updated tree. The program aggregates
percpu readings to a total reading, and also propagates them to the
parent. After rstat flushing is over, the program will have been invoked
for all (cgroup, cpu) pairs that have updates as well as their parents,
so the whole hierarchy will have updated (flushed) stats.
Finally, a cgroup_iter program is pinned to a file for each cgroup.
Reading this file invokes the cgroup_iter program to flush the stats and
display them to the user.
Signed-off-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
.../test_cgroup_hierarchical_stats.c | 339 ++++++++++++++++++
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_iter.h | 7 +
.../selftests/bpf/progs/cgroup_vmscan.c | 222 ++++++++++++
3 files changed, 568 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/test_cgroup_hierarchical_stats.c
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cgroup_vmscan.c
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/test_cgroup_hierarchical_stats.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/test_cgroup_hierarchical_stats.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..feb325e7fc39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/test_cgroup_hierarchical_stats.c
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Functions to manage eBPF programs attached to cgroup subsystems
+ *
+ * Copyright 2022 Google LLC.
+ */
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <bpf/libbpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf.h>
+#include <test_progs.h>
+
+#include "cgroup_helpers.h"
+#include "cgroup_vmscan.skel.h"
+
+#define PAGE_SIZE 4096
+#define MB(x) (x << 20)
+
+#define BPFFS_ROOT "/sys/fs/bpf/"
+#define BPFFS_VMSCAN BPFFS_ROOT"vmscan/"
+
+#define CG_ROOT_NAME "root"
+#define CG_ROOT_ID 1
+
+#define CGROUP_PATH(p, n) {.name = #n, .path = #p"/"#n}
+
+static struct {
+ const char *name, *path;
+ unsigned long long id;
+ int fd;
+} cgroups[] = {
+ CGROUP_PATH(/, test),
+ CGROUP_PATH(/test, child1),
+ CGROUP_PATH(/test, child2),
+ CGROUP_PATH(/test/child1, child1_1),
+ CGROUP_PATH(/test/child1, child1_2),
+ CGROUP_PATH(/test/child2, child2_1),
+ CGROUP_PATH(/test/child2, child2_2),
+};
+
+#define N_CGROUPS (sizeof(cgroups)/sizeof(cgroups[0]))
+#define N_NON_LEAF_CGROUPS 3
+
+bool mounted_bpffs;
+static int duration;
+
+static int read_from_file(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+ int fd, len;
+
+ fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+ if (fd < 0) {
+ log_err("Open %s", path);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+ len = read(fd, buf, size);
+ if (len < 0)
+ log_err("Read %s", path);
+ else
+ buf[len] = 0;
+ close(fd);
+ return len < 0 ? -errno : 0;
+}
+
+static int setup_bpffs(void)
+{
+ int err;
+
+ /* Mount bpffs */
+ err = mount("bpf", BPFFS_ROOT, "bpf", 0, NULL);
+ mounted_bpffs = !err;
+ if (CHECK(err && errno != EBUSY, "mount bpffs",
+ "failed to mount bpffs at %s (%s)\n", BPFFS_ROOT,
+ strerror(errno)))
+ return err;
+
+ /* Create a directory to contain stat files in bpffs */
+ err = mkdir(BPFFS_VMSCAN, 0755);
+ CHECK(err, "mkdir bpffs", "failed to mkdir %s (%s)\n",
+ BPFFS_VMSCAN, strerror(errno));
+ return err;
+}
+
+static void cleanup_bpffs(void)
+{
+ /* Remove created directory in bpffs */
+ CHECK(rmdir(BPFFS_VMSCAN), "rmdir", "failed to rmdir %s (%s)\n",
+ BPFFS_VMSCAN, strerror(errno));
+
+ /* Unmount bpffs, if it wasn't already mounted when we started */
+ if (mounted_bpffs)
+ return;
+ CHECK(umount(BPFFS_ROOT), "umount", "failed to unmount bpffs (%s)\n",
+ strerror(errno));
+}
+
+static int setup_cgroups(void)
+{
+ int i, err;
+
+ err = setup_cgroup_environment();
+ if (CHECK(err, "setup_cgroup_environment", "failed: %d\n", err))
+ return err;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < N_CGROUPS; i++) {
+ int fd;
+
+ fd = create_and_get_cgroup(cgroups[i].path);
+ if (!ASSERT_GE(fd, 0, "create_and_get_cgroup"))
+ return fd;
+
+ cgroups[i].fd = fd;
+ cgroups[i].id = get_cgroup_id(cgroups[i].path);
+ if (i < N_NON_LEAF_CGROUPS) {
+ err = enable_controllers(cgroups[i].path, "memory");
+ if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "enable_controllers"))
+ return err;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void cleanup_cgroups(void)
+{
+ for (int i = 0; i < N_CGROUPS; i++)
+ close(cgroups[i].fd);
+ cleanup_cgroup_environment();
+}
+
+
+static int setup_hierarchy(void)
+{
+ return setup_bpffs() || setup_cgroups();
+}
+
+static void destroy_hierarchy(void)
+{
+ cleanup_cgroups();
+ cleanup_bpffs();
+}
+
+static void alloc_anon(size_t size)
+{
+ char *buf, *ptr;
+
+ buf = malloc(size);
+ for (ptr = buf; ptr < buf + size; ptr += PAGE_SIZE)
+ *ptr = 0;
+ free(buf);
+}
+
+static int induce_vmscan(void)
+{
+ char size[128];
+ int i, err;
+
+ /*
+ * Set memory.high for test parent cgroup to 1 MB to throttle
+ * allocations and invoke reclaim in children.
+ */
+ snprintf(size, 128, "%d", MB(1));
+ err = write_cgroup_file(cgroups[0].path, "memory.high", size);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "write memory.high"))
+ return err;
+ /*
+ * In every leaf cgroup, run a memory hog for a few seconds to induce
+ * reclaim then kill it.
+ */
+ for (i = N_NON_LEAF_CGROUPS; i < N_CGROUPS; i++) {
+ pid_t pid = fork();
+
+ if (pid == 0) {
+ /* Join cgroup in the parent process workdir */
+ join_parent_cgroup(cgroups[i].path);
+
+ /* Allocate more memory than memory.high */
+ alloc_anon(MB(2));
+ exit(0);
+ } else {
+ /* Wait for child to cause reclaim then kill it */
+ if (!ASSERT_GT(pid, 0, "fork"))
+ return pid;
+ sleep(2);
+ kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+ waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned long long get_cgroup_vmscan(unsigned long long cgroup_id,
+ const char *file_name)
+{
+ char buf[128], path[128];
+ unsigned long long vmscan = 0, id = 0;
+ int err;
+
+ /* For every cgroup, read the file generated by cgroup_iter */
+ snprintf(path, 128, "%s%s", BPFFS_VMSCAN, file_name);
+ err = read_from_file(path, buf, 128);
+ if (CHECK(err, "read", "failed to read from %s (%s)\n",
+ path, strerror(errno)))
+ return 0;
+
+ /* Check the output file formatting */
+ ASSERT_EQ(sscanf(buf, "cg_id: %llu, total_vmscan_delay: %llu\n",
+ &id, &vmscan), 2, "output format");
+
+ /* Check that the cgroup_id is displayed correctly */
+ ASSERT_EQ(cgroup_id, id, "cgroup_id");
+ /* Check that the vmscan reading is non-zero */
+ ASSERT_NEQ(vmscan, 0, "vmscan_reading");
+ return vmscan;
+}
+
+static void check_vmscan_stats(void)
+{
+ int i;
+ unsigned long long vmscan_readings[N_CGROUPS], vmscan_root;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < N_CGROUPS; i++)
+ vmscan_readings[i] = get_cgroup_vmscan(cgroups[i].id,
+ cgroups[i].name);
+
+ /* Read stats for root too */
+ vmscan_root = get_cgroup_vmscan(CG_ROOT_ID, CG_ROOT_NAME);
+
+ /* Check that child1 == child1_1 + child1_2 */
+ ASSERT_EQ(vmscan_readings[1], vmscan_readings[3] + vmscan_readings[4],
+ "child1_vmscan");
+ /* Check that child2 == child2_1 + child2_2 */
+ ASSERT_EQ(vmscan_readings[2], vmscan_readings[5] + vmscan_readings[6],
+ "child2_vmscan");
+ /* Check that test == child1 + child2 */
+ ASSERT_EQ(vmscan_readings[0], vmscan_readings[1] + vmscan_readings[2],
+ "test_vmscan");
+ /* Check that root >= test */
+ ASSERT_GE(vmscan_root, vmscan_readings[1], "root_vmscan");
+}
+
+static int setup_cgroup_iter(struct cgroup_vmscan *obj,
+ unsigned long long cgroup_id,
+ const char *file_name)
+{
+ DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_iter_attach_opts, opts);
+ union bpf_iter_link_info linfo = {};
+ struct bpf_link *link;
+ char path[128];
+ int err;
+
+ /* Create an iter link, parameterized by cgroup id */
+ linfo.cgroup.cgroup_id = cgroup_id;
+ opts.link_info = &linfo;
+ opts.link_info_len = sizeof(linfo);
+ link = bpf_program__attach_iter(obj->progs.dump_vmscan, &opts);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "attach iter"))
+ return libbpf_get_error(link);
+
+ /* Pin the link to a bpffs file */
+ snprintf(path, 128, "%s%s", BPFFS_VMSCAN, file_name);
+ err = bpf_link__pin(link, path);
+ CHECK(err, "pin iter", "failed to pin iter at %s", path);
+ return err;
+}
+
+static int setup_progs(struct cgroup_vmscan **skel)
+{
+ int i;
+ struct bpf_link *link;
+ struct cgroup_vmscan *obj;
+
+ obj = cgroup_vmscan__open_and_load();
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(obj, "open_and_load"))
+ return libbpf_get_error(obj);
+
+ /* Attach cgroup_iter program that will dump the stats to cgroups */
+ for (i = 0; i < N_CGROUPS; i++)
+ setup_cgroup_iter(obj, cgroups[i].id, cgroups[i].name);
+ /* Also dump stats for root */
+ setup_cgroup_iter(obj, CG_ROOT_ID, CG_ROOT_NAME);
+
+ /* Attach rstat flusher */
+ link = bpf_program__attach(obj->progs.vmscan_flush);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "attach rstat"))
+ return libbpf_get_error(link);
+
+ /* Attach tracing programs that will calculate vmscan delays */
+ link = bpf_program__attach(obj->progs.vmscan_start);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(obj, "attach raw_tracepoint"))
+ return libbpf_get_error(obj);
+
+ link = bpf_program__attach(obj->progs.vmscan_end);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(obj, "attach raw_tracepoint"))
+ return libbpf_get_error(obj);
+
+ *skel = obj;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void destroy_progs(struct cgroup_vmscan *skel)
+{
+ char path[128];
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < N_CGROUPS; i++) {
+ /* Delete files in bpffs that cgroup_iters are pinned in */
+ snprintf(path, 128, "%s%s", BPFFS_VMSCAN,
+ cgroups[i].name);
+ CHECK(remove(path), "remove", "failed to remove %s (%s)\n",
+ path, strerror(errno));
+ }
+
+ /* Delete root file in bpffs */
+ snprintf(path, 128, "%s%s", BPFFS_VMSCAN, CG_ROOT_NAME);
+ CHECK(remove(path), "remove", "failed to remove %s (%s)\n", path,
+ strerror(errno));
+ cgroup_vmscan__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void test_cgroup_hierarchical_stats(void)
+{
+ struct cgroup_vmscan *skel = NULL;
+
+ if (setup_hierarchy())
+ goto hierarchy_cleanup;
+ if (setup_progs(&skel))
+ goto cleanup;
+ if (induce_vmscan())
+ goto cleanup;
+ check_vmscan_stats();
+cleanup:
+ destroy_progs(skel);
+hierarchy_cleanup:
+ destroy_hierarchy();
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_iter.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_iter.h
index 97ec8bc76ae6..df91f1daf74d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_iter.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_iter.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
#define bpf_iter__bpf_sk_storage_map bpf_iter__bpf_sk_storage_map___not_used
#define bpf_iter__sockmap bpf_iter__sockmap___not_used
#define bpf_iter__bpf_link bpf_iter__bpf_link___not_used
+#define bpf_iter__cgroup bpf_iter__cgroup__not_used
#define btf_ptr btf_ptr___not_used
#define BTF_F_COMPACT BTF_F_COMPACT___not_used
#define BTF_F_NONAME BTF_F_NONAME___not_used
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
#undef bpf_iter__bpf_sk_storage_map
#undef bpf_iter__sockmap
#undef bpf_iter__bpf_link
+#undef bpf_iter__cgroup
#undef btf_ptr
#undef BTF_F_COMPACT
#undef BTF_F_NONAME
@@ -139,6 +141,11 @@ struct bpf_iter__bpf_link {
struct bpf_link *link;
};
+struct bpf_iter__cgroup {
+ struct bpf_iter_meta *meta;
+ struct cgroup *cgroup;
+} __attribute((preserve_access_index));
+
struct btf_ptr {
void *ptr;
__u32 type_id;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cgroup_vmscan.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cgroup_vmscan.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..96aa62f7b260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cgroup_vmscan.c
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Functions to manage eBPF programs attached to cgroup subsystems
+ *
+ * Copyright 2022 Google LLC.
+ */
+#include "bpf_iter.h"
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_core_read.h>
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+
+/*
+ * Start times are stored per-task, not per-cgroup, as multiple tasks in one
+ * cgroup can perform reclain concurrently.
+ */
+struct {
+ __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_TASK_STORAGE);
+ __uint(map_flags, BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC);
+ __type(key, int);
+ __type(value, __u64);
+} vmscan_start_time SEC(".maps");
+
+struct vmscan_percpu {
+ /* Previous percpu state, to figure out if we have new updates */
+ __u64 prev;
+ /* Current percpu state */
+ __u64 state;
+};
+
+struct vmscan {
+ /* State propagated through children, pending aggregation */
+ __u64 pending;
+ /* Total state, including all cpus and all children */
+ __u64 state;
+};
+
+struct {
+ __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH);
+ __uint(max_entries, 10);
+ __type(key, __u64);
+ __type(value, struct vmscan_percpu);
+} pcpu_cgroup_vmscan_elapsed SEC(".maps");
+
+struct {
+ __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH);
+ __uint(max_entries, 10);
+ __type(key, __u64);
+ __type(value, struct vmscan);
+} cgroup_vmscan_elapsed SEC(".maps");
+
+
+static inline bool memory_subsys_enabled(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+ return cgrp->subsys[memory_cgrp_id] != NULL;
+}
+
+static inline struct cgroup *task_memcg(struct task_struct *task)
+{
+ return task->cgroups->subsys[memory_cgrp_id]->cgroup;
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t cgroup_id(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+{
+ return cgrp->kn->id;
+}
+
+static inline int create_vmscan_percpu_elem(__u64 cg_id, __u64 state)
+{
+ struct vmscan_percpu pcpu_init = {.state = state, .prev = 0};
+
+ if (bpf_map_update_elem(&pcpu_cgroup_vmscan_elapsed, &cg_id,
+ &pcpu_init, BPF_NOEXIST)) {
+ bpf_printk("failed to create pcpu entry for cgroup %llu\n"
+ , cg_id);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int create_vmscan_elem(__u64 cg_id, __u64 state, __u64 pending)
+{
+ struct vmscan init = {.state = state, .pending = pending};
+
+ if (bpf_map_update_elem(&cgroup_vmscan_elapsed, &cg_id,
+ &init, BPF_NOEXIST)) {
+ bpf_printk("failed to create entry for cgroup %llu\n"
+ , cg_id);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp/mm_vmscan_memcg_reclaim_begin")
+int vmscan_start(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc)
+{
+ struct task_struct *task = bpf_get_current_task_btf();
+ __u64 *start_time_ptr;
+
+ start_time_ptr = bpf_task_storage_get(&vmscan_start_time, task, 0,
+ BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE);
+ if (!start_time_ptr) {
+ bpf_printk("error retrieving storage\n");
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ *start_time_ptr = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("raw_tp/mm_vmscan_memcg_reclaim_end")
+int vmscan_end(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc)
+{
+ struct vmscan_percpu *pcpu_stat;
+ struct task_struct *current = bpf_get_current_task_btf();
+ struct cgroup *cgrp = task_memcg(current);
+ __u64 *start_time_ptr;
+ __u64 current_elapsed, cg_id;
+ __u64 end_time = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
+
+ /* cgrp may not have memory controller enabled */
+ if (!cgrp)
+ return 0;
+
+ cg_id = cgroup_id(cgrp);
+ start_time_ptr = bpf_task_storage_get(&vmscan_start_time, current, 0,
+ BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE);
+ if (!start_time_ptr) {
+ bpf_printk("error retrieving storage local storage\n");
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ current_elapsed = end_time - *start_time_ptr;
+ pcpu_stat = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&pcpu_cgroup_vmscan_elapsed,
+ &cg_id);
+ if (pcpu_stat)
+ __sync_fetch_and_add(&pcpu_stat->state, current_elapsed);
+ else
+ create_vmscan_percpu_elem(cg_id, current_elapsed);
+
+ bpf_cgroup_rstat_updated(cgrp);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("rstat/flush")
+int vmscan_flush(struct bpf_rstat_flush_ctx *ctx)
+{
+ struct vmscan_percpu *pcpu_stat;
+ struct vmscan *total_stat, *parent_stat;
+ struct cgroup *cgrp = ctx->cgrp, *parent = ctx->parent;
+ __u64 cg_id = cgroup_id(ctx->cgrp);
+ __u64 parent_cg_id = parent ? cgroup_id(parent) : 0;
+ __s32 cpu = ctx->cpu;
+ __u64 *pcpu_vmscan;
+ __u64 state;
+ __u64 delta = 0;
+
+ if (!memory_subsys_enabled(cgrp))
+ return 0;
+
+ /* Add CPU changes on this level since the last flush */
+ pcpu_stat = bpf_map_lookup_percpu_elem(&pcpu_cgroup_vmscan_elapsed,
+ &cg_id, cpu);
+ if (pcpu_stat) {
+ state = pcpu_stat->state;
+ delta += state - pcpu_stat->prev;
+ pcpu_stat->prev = state;
+ }
+
+ total_stat = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&cgroup_vmscan_elapsed, &cg_id);
+ if (!total_stat) {
+ create_vmscan_elem(cg_id, delta, 0);
+ goto update_parent;
+ }
+
+ /* Collect pending stats from subtree */
+ if (total_stat->pending) {
+ delta += total_stat->pending;
+ total_stat->pending = 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Propagate changes to this cgroup's total */
+ total_stat->state += delta;
+
+update_parent:
+ /* Skip if there are no changes to propagate, or no parent */
+ if (!delta || !parent_cg_id)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* Propagate changes to cgroup's parent */
+ parent_stat = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&cgroup_vmscan_elapsed,
+ &parent_cg_id);
+ if (parent_stat)
+ parent_stat->pending += delta;
+ else
+ create_vmscan_elem(parent_cg_id, 0, delta);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("iter/cgroup")
+int dump_vmscan(struct bpf_iter__cgroup *ctx)
+{
+ struct seq_file *seq = ctx->meta->seq;
+ struct cgroup *cgrp = ctx->cgroup;
+ struct vmscan *total_stat;
+ __u64 cg_id = cgroup_id(cgrp);
+
+ /* Flush the stats to make sure we get the most updated numbers */
+ bpf_cgroup_rstat_flush(cgrp);
+
+ total_stat = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&cgroup_vmscan_elapsed, &cg_id);
+ if (!total_stat) {
+ bpf_printk("error finding stats for cgroup %llu\n", cg_id);
+ BPF_SEQ_PRINTF(seq, "cg_id: -1, total_vmscan_delay: -1\n");
+ return 0;
+ }
+ BPF_SEQ_PRINTF(seq, "cg_id: %llu, total_vmscan_delay: %llu\n",
+ cg_id, total_stat->state);
+ return 0;
+}
+
--
2.36.0.550.gb090851708-goog
