>From the top of my head you also need to be root in order to do setuid/setgid to change the process owner according to the User and Group configuration directives. -ascs -----Original Message----- From: David Salisbury [mailto:salisbury@xxxxxxxxx] Sent: Wednesday, April 05, 2006 7:08 PM To: users@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: Re: [users@httpd] RE: failure notice Well.. on most unix systems I believe, you wont get a program to bind to a port number that's under 1024 unless the program is being run by root. The other ports are open to any user. -Dave ----- Original Message ----- From: "Amalan, S" <Sountharanayaga.Amalan@xxxxxxxxxxxx> To: <users@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> Sent: Wednesday, April 05, 2006 10:43 AM Subject: RE: [users@httpd] RE: failure notice Not to interrupt an on-going discussion, but I am interested in the user/group requirements for Apache as well. I didn't see anywhere on the Apache website for installation steps that one needs to be root in order to start or run the Apache server, but I have heard it from others. So which way is it? I have been able to install and run Apache as a regular user with no root privileges, which is what confuses me when some say the user needs be root. Can anyone explain the requirements for me? Thanks much. Amalan --------------------------------------------------------------------- The official User-To-User support forum of the Apache HTTP Server Project. See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/userslist.html> for more info. To unsubscribe, e-mail: users-unsubscribe@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx " from the digest: users-digest-unsubscribe@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx For additional commands, e-mail: users-help@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx