How does Apache detects a stopped Tomcat JVM?

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Hello Folks,

I am new to Apache httpd world and wanted to know more about it. :)

Reason I got interested in this is that, in our case, we are running
multiple Tomcat JVMs under a single Apache cluster. If we shut down
all the JVMs except one, sometime we get 503s. If we increase the
retry interval to 180(from retry=10), problem goes away. That bring me
to this question, how does Apache detects a stopped Tomcat JVM? If I
have a cluster which contains multiple JVMs and some of them are down,
how Apache finds that one out? Somewhere I read, Apache uses a real
request to determine health of a back end JVM. In that case, will that
request failed(with 5xx) if JVM is stopped? Why higher retry value is
making the difference?

If someone can explain a bit or point me to some doc, that would be awesome.

We are using Apache 2.4.10, byrequests LB algorithm, sticky session,
keepalive is on and ttl=300 for all balancer member.

Thanks!
Suvendu

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