Hi, On this issue, I am doing something fundamentaly wrong, but I don't see how to do it right. While configuring a pcm, I should not use sw_params if it is a "direct-ed" (direct::dmix) real hw pcm: in pcm_direct.c, snd_pcm_direct_sw_params function is empty and it seems coherent with the fact the real hw pcm is actually shared and was probably already configured. How do I know a pcm is actually a "pipeline" of pcms which ends up with a "direct-ed" real hw pcm? That would tell my code how to behave regarding sw_params usage. Is this related to the "topology" and "ucm" apis? regards, -- Sylvain