i'm hoping that my low-level questions are not overly annoying -- as i mentioned previously, i'm trying to write a newbie HOWTO that i'm going to incorporate as part of a much larger RH linux courseware manual, so this necessitates imagining every question that might come up in a classroom and knowing that i could answer it. i'm sure that, if i knew python, i could just RTFS, but python is still on my great-to-learn-someday list. until then, it's pretty much the man page and lots of experimentation. rday