On 20.02.2012 09:41, Bernhard Schrader wrote:
On 02/17/2012 01:33 PM, Matthias Schniedermeyer wrote:
On 17.02.2012 12:51, Bernhard Schrader wrote:
Hi all,
we just discovered a problem, which I think is related to XFS. Well,
I will try to explain.
The environment i am working with are around 300 Postgres databases
in separated VM's. All are running with XFS. Differences are just in
kernel versions.
- 2.6.18
- 2.6.39
- 3.1.4
Some days ago i discovered that the file nodes of my postgresql
tables have strange sizes. They are located in
/var/lib/postgresql/9.0/main/base/[databaseid]/
If I execute the following commands i get results like this:
Command: du -sh | tr "\n" " "; du --apparent-size -h
Result: 6.6G . 5.7G .
Since a few kernel-version XFS does speculative preallocations, which is
primarily a measure to prevent fragmentation.
The preallocations should go away when you drop the caches.
sync
echo 3> /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
XFS can be prevented to do that with the mount-option "allocsize".
Personally i use "allocsize=64k", since i first encountered that
behaviour, my workload primarily consists of single-thread writing which
doesn't benefit from this preallocation.
Your workload OTOH may benefit as it should prevent/lower the
fragmentation of the database files.
Hi Matthias,
thanks for the reply, as far as i can say the "echo 3>
/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches" didn't work. the sizes didnt shrink.
You did "sync" before?
drop caches only drops "clean" pages, everything that is dirty isn't
dropped. Hence the need to "sync" before.
Also i persume that you didn't stop Postgres?
I don't know if the process works for files that are currently opened.
When i tested the behaviour i tested it with files copied by "cp", so
they weren't open by any program when i droped the caches.
Today
i had the chance to test the allocsize=64k. Well, first i thought it
worked, i added the mountoption, restarted the server, everything
shrink to normal sizes. but right now its more or less "flapping". I
have 5.7GB real data and the sizes flap between 6.9GB to 5.7GB.
But I am wondering a little about the mount output:
# mount
/dev/xvda1 on / type xfs
(rw,noatime,nodiratime,logbufs=8,nobarrier,allocsize=64k)
tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620)
# cat /proc/mounts
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
/dev/root / xfs rw,noatime,nodiratime,attr2,delaylog,nobarrier,noquota 0 0
tmpfs /lib/init/rw tmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,mode=755 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts
rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0
In normal mount output i see the allocsize, but not in cat /proc/mounts?!?
Is there a way to completly disable speculative prealocations? or
the behavior how it works right now?
In /proc/mounts on my computer allocsize is there:
/dev/mapper/x1 /x1 xfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noatime,attr2,delaylog,allocsize=64k,noquota 0 0
I tracked down the patch. It went into 2.6.38
- snip -
commit 055388a3188f56676c21e92962fc366ac8b5cb72
Author: Dave Chinner<dchinner@xxxxxxxxxx>
Date: Tue Jan 4 11:35:03 2011 +1100
xfs: dynamic speculative EOF preallocation
Currently the size of the speculative preallocation during delayed
allocation is fixed by either the allocsize mount option of a
default size. We are seeing a lot of cases where we need to
recommend using the allocsize mount option to prevent fragmentation
when buffered writes land in the same AG.
Rather than using a fixed preallocation size by default (up to 64k),
make it dynamic by basing it on the current inode size. That way the
EOF preallocation will increase as the file size increases. Hence
for streaming writes we are much more likely to get large
preallocations exactly when we need it to reduce fragementation.
For default settings, the size of the initial extents is determined
by the number of parallel writers and the amount of memory in the
machine. For 4GB RAM and 4 concurrent 32GB file writes:
EXT: FILE-OFFSET BLOCK-RANGE AG AG-OFFSET TOTAL
0: [0..1048575]: 1048672..2097247 0 (1048672..2097247) 1048576
1: [1048576..2097151]: 5242976..6291551 0 (5242976..6291551) 1048576
2: [2097152..4194303]: 12583008..14680159 0 (12583008..14680159) 2097152
3: [4194304..8388607]: 25165920..29360223 0 (25165920..29360223) 4194304
4: [8388608..16777215]: 58720352..67108959 0 (58720352..67108959) 8388608
5: [16777216..33554423]: 117440584..134217791 0 (117440584..134217791) 16777208
6: [33554424..50331511]: 184549056..201326143 0 (184549056..201326143) 16777088
7: [50331512..67108599]: 251657408..268434495 0 (251657408..268434495) 16777088
and for 16 concurrent 16GB file writes:
EXT: FILE-OFFSET BLOCK-RANGE AG AG-OFFSET TOTAL
0: [0..262143]: 2490472..2752615 0 (2490472..2752615) 262144
1: [262144..524287]: 6291560..6553703 0 (6291560..6553703) 262144
2: [524288..1048575]: 13631592..14155879 0 (13631592..14155879) 524288
3: [1048576..2097151]: 30408808..31457383 0 (30408808..31457383) 1048576
4: [2097152..4194303]: 52428904..54526055 0 (52428904..54526055) 2097152
5: [4194304..8388607]: 104857704..109052007 0 (104857704..109052007) 4194304
6: [8388608..16777215]: 209715304..218103911 0 (209715304..218103911) 8388608
7: [16777216..33554423]: 452984848..469762055 0 (452984848..469762055) 16777208
Because it is hard to take back specualtive preallocation, cases
where there are large slow growing log files on a nearly full
filesystem may cause premature ENOSPC. Hence as the filesystem nears
full, the maximum dynamic prealloc size ?s reduced according to this
table (based on 4k block size):
freespace max prealloc size
>5% full extent (8GB)
4-5% 2GB (8GB>> 2)
3-4% 1GB (8GB>> 3)
2-3% 512MB (8GB>> 4)
1-2% 256MB (8GB>> 5)
<1% 128MB (8GB>> 6)
This should reduce the amount of space held in speculative
preallocation for such cases.
The allocsize mount option turns off the dynamic behaviour and fixes
the prealloc size to whatever the mount option specifies. i.e. the
behaviour is unchanged.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner<dchinner@xxxxxxxxxx>
- snip -
Bis denn
