3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3 From: "Marlow, JoAnna" <MarlowJ@xxxxxx> Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10-16 July 2024 Sally Sennert - Weekly Report Editor (*kuhns@xxxxxx <kuhns@xxxxxx>*) Zac Hastings - contributor (*zhastings@xxxxxxxx <zhastings@xxxxxxxx>*) JoAnna Marlow - contributor (*jmarlow@xxxxxxxx <jmarlow@xxxxxxxx>*) URL: *https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNWA1cAJQ$>* New Activity/Unrest: Etna, Sicily (Italy) | Ijen, Eastern Java | Karymsky, Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Matthew Island, New Caledonia (France) | Stromboli, Aeolian Islands (Italy) | Whakaari/White Island, North Island (New Zealand) Ongoing Activity: Aira, Kyushu (Japan) | Ebeko, Paramushir Island (Russia) | Fuego, South-Central Guatemala | Great Sitkin, Andreanof Islands (USA) | Ibu, Halmahera | Kanlaon, Philippines | Lewotobi, Flores Island | Lewotolok, Lembata Island | Marapi, Central Sumatra | Merapi, Central Java | Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia | Popocatepetl, Mexico | Sabancaya, Peru | Santa Maria, Southwestern Guatemala | Semeru, Eastern Java | Sheveluch, Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Taal, Luzon (Philippines) | Tungurahua, Ecuador | Villarrica, Central Chile The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday, these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. This is not a comprehensive list of all of Earth's volcanoes erupting during the week, but rather a summary of activity at volcanoes that meet criteria discussed in detail in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section. Carefully reviewed, detailed reports about recent activity are published in issues of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Note that many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source. New Activity/Unrest Etna | Sicily (Italy) | 37.748°N, 14.999°E | Summit elev. 3357 m Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported that an eruption at Etna continued during 8-14 July. The eruption was characterized by a gradual increase of Strombolian activity within the Voragine Crater on 10 July, and ash emissions on 11 July. The Toulouse VAAC issued advisories for an ash emission that rose about 1 km above the summit (12,000 ft a.s.l.) and drifted S. After a few days of decreased activity, explosions gradually increased in the NE Crater (NEC) and Voragine on 14 July, generating ash emissions that quickly dispersed above the craters; light ash emissions continued afterwards from both craters. The amplitude of volcanic tremor rapidly fluctuated between medium and high levels. Signal locations shifted from an area just E of the Voragine crater to the SE Crater area on 12 July, and then shifted again to the NEC area on 14 July. Geologic Summary. Mount Etna, towering above Catania on the island of Sicily, has one of the world's longest documented records of volcanism, dating back to 1500 BCE. Historical lava flows of basaltic composition cover much of the surface of this massive volcano, whose edifice is the highest and most voluminous in Italy. The Mongibello stratovolcano, truncated by several small calderas, was constructed during the late Pleistocene and Holocene over an older shield volcano. The most prominent morphological feature of Etna is the Valle del Bove, a 5 x 10 km caldera open to the east. Two styles of eruptive activity typically occur, sometimes simultaneously. Persistent explosive eruptions, sometimes with minor lava emissions, take place from one or more summit craters. Flank vents, typically with higher effusion rates, are less frequently active and originate from fissures that open progressively downward from near the summit (usually accompanied by Strombolian eruptions at the upper end). Cinder cones are commonly constructed over the vents of lower-flank lava flows. Lava flows extend to the foot of the volcano on all sides and have reached the sea over a broad area on the SE flank. Sources: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) *http://www.ct.ingv.it/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ct.ingv.it/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliOmHDujOQ$>* ; Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) *http://vaac.meteo.fr/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vaac.meteo.fr/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliOlz_F5_A$>* Ijen | Eastern Java | 8.058°S, 114.242°E | Summit elev. 2769 m Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) raised the Alert Level at Ijen from 1 to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) at 2200 on 12 July (local time). The recommended exclusion zone radius was expanded from 500 to 1,500 m away from the crater due to a notable increase in seismic energy, as well as an increase in continuous tremor amplitudes. Realtime seismic amplitude measurement (RSAM) analysis has shown that seismic energy has slowly increased since 1 January 2023. However, a significant increase in energy was observed from 1700 through 2100 on 12 July, along with an increase in continuous tremor amplitudes starting at 2110. From 1 June through 12 July there was a decreasing trend in the number of both shallow volcanic earthquakes (Type B/vulkanik dangkal) and deep volcanic earthquakes (Type A/vulkanik dalam), while the number of other types of earthquakes fluctuated normally. On 30 June the surface temperature of the crater lake water was 34°C, which falls within the normal range. Weak to moderate fumarolic activity was observed, characterized by dense white emissions. The color of the water appeared turquoise green, as usual, with no visible gas bubbles on the surface of the lake. The smell of sulfur gas was moderately strong, and sulfur spherules were observed at the edge of the crater lake. White emissions were observed rising 50-100 m above the summit on 10, 12-13, and 16 July, and 50-200 m on 14 July. Emission observations were not reported on 11 or 15 July. Seismicity during 10-16 July included daily gas emission events and continuous tremor, volcanic earthquakes during 13-16 July, and a volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquake on 16 July. PVMBG reminded the public to stay vigilant of the potential for poisonous gases emanating from the crater lake. Geologic Summary. The Ijen volcano complex at the eastern end of Java consists of a group of small stratovolcanoes constructed within the 20-km-wide Ijen (Kendeng) caldera. The north caldera wall forms a prominent arcuate ridge, but elsewhere the rim was buried by post-caldera volcanoes, including Gunung Merapi, which forms the high point of the complex. Immediately west of the Gunung Merapi stratovolcano is the historically active Kawah Ijen crater, which contains a nearly 1-km-wide, turquoise-colored, acid lake. Kawah Ijen is the site of a labor-intensive mining operation in which baskets of sulfur are hand-carried from the crater floor. Many other post-caldera cones and craters are located within the caldera or along its rim. The largest concentration of cones forms an E-W zone across the southern side of the caldera. Coffee plantations cover much of the caldera floor; nearby waterfalls and hot springs are tourist destinations. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) *http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNhmsbJow$>* Karymsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 54.049°N, 159.443°E | Summit elev. 1513 m The Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity continued at Karymsky during 4-11 July. Satellite data analyzed by KVERT showed that explosions on 5-7 and 10 July generated ash plumes that rose about 2.5 km above the summit (to 4 km a.s.l.) and drifted as far as 80 km NE and E. Additionally, a thermal anomaly was observed over the volcano during 5-7 and 10 July; weather clouds prevented observations in satellite images on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. Karymsky, the most active volcano of Kamchatka's eastern volcanic zone, is a symmetrical stratovolcano constructed within a 5-km-wide caldera that formed during the early Holocene. The caldera cuts the south side of the Pleistocene Dvor volcano and is located outside the north margin of the large mid-Pleistocene Polovinka caldera, which contains the smaller Akademia Nauk and Odnoboky calderas. Most seismicity preceding Karymsky eruptions originated beneath Akademia Nauk caldera, located immediately south. The caldera enclosing Karymsky formed about 7600-7700 radiocarbon years ago; construction of the stratovolcano began about 2000 years later. The latest eruptive period began about 500 years ago, following a 2300-year quiescence. Much of the cone is mantled by lava flows less than 200 years old. Historical eruptions have been vulcanian or vulcanian-strombolian with moderate explosive activity and occasional lava flows from the summit crater. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) *http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliOlxf6nFQ$>* Matthew Island | New Caledonia (France) | 22.33°S, 171.32°E | Summit elev. 177 m Pilots reported small low-level eruptions at Matthew Island, about 440 km E of the southern end of New Caledonia, at 0409 and 2150 on 16 July (UTC). However, ash was not visible in satellite data for either event. Geologic Summary. Matthew Island is composed of two low andesitic-to-dacitic cones separated by a narrow isthmus. The Matthew name originates from an English mariner who sighted the island in 1788. Only the triangular eastern portion of the 0.6 x 1.2 km island was present prior to the 1940s, when construction of the larger western segment began; it consists primarily of lava flows. The western cone contains a crater that is breached to the NW and is filled by a lava flow whose terminus forms the NW coast. Source: Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) *http://vaac.metservice.com/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vaac.metservice.com/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliOEng8fNw$>* Stromboli | Aeolian Islands (Italy) | 38.789°N, 15.213°E | Summit elev. 924 m Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 8-14 July. Lava flows that started on 4 July from two eruptive vents, located at approximately 485 and 510 m a.s.l. along the Sciara del Fuoco, had ended by 12 July. Starting at around 1208 on 11 July (UTC), a series of explosive events over about 8 minutes generated pyroclastic flows that rapidly descended to the shoreline and continued into and across the surface of the sea. The first explosion took place in Area C-S, releasing moderately hot ash. Another explosion from Area N then created an eruption column that reached approximately 5 km above sea level and dispersed towards the WSW. Almost simultaneously, a pyroclastic flow descended along the Sciara del Fuoco and reached the coastline in about 23 seconds, traveling at a speed of approximately 58 m/s. The sequence concluded with a series of secondary pyroclastic flows between 1210 and 1215. Both effusive and explosive activities ceased within hours after these events, except for a single final explosion at 0828 on 12 July that triggered a small landslide from the exterior of the N crater. Thermal anomalies with high-level thermal flux values (greater than 100 MW) were identified in satellite images during both the effusive and explosive activity. The thermal flux values slightly increased at 1157 on 11 July, about 11 minutes before the explosion sequence, and then dropped at 1352 (SEVIRI sensor onboard the Meteosat Second Generation satellite). Dipartimento della Protezione Civile maintained the Alert Level at Red (the highest level on a four-level scale). Geologic Summary. Spectacular incandescent nighttime explosions at Stromboli have long attracted visitors to the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean" in the NE Aeolian Islands. This volcano has lent its name to the frequent mild explosive activity that has characterized its eruptions throughout much of historical time. The small island is the emergent summit of a volcano that grew in two main eruptive cycles, the last of which formed the western portion of the island. The Neostromboli eruptive period took place between about 13,000 and 5,000 years ago. The active summit vents are located at the head of the Sciara del Fuoco, a prominent scarp that formed about 5,000 years ago due to a series of slope failures which extends to below sea level. The modern volcano has been constructed within this scarp, which funnels pyroclastic ejecta and lava flows to the NW. Essentially continuous mild Strombolian explosions, sometimes accompanied by lava flows, have been recorded for more than a millennium. Sources: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) *http://www.ct.ingv.it/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ct.ingv.it/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliOmHDujOQ$>* ; Dipartimento della Protezione Civile *https://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/it/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/it/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNiadgADQ$>* Whakaari/White Island | North Island (New Zealand) | 37.52°S, 177.18°E | Summit elev. 294 m GeoNet reported moderate emissions of steam, gas, and minor ash at Whakaari/White Island during 10-12 July. The continuous, moderate emissions rose from an enlarged vent on the crater floor where the crater lake has almost disappeared. The intermittent observations of ash were thought to originate from the walls of the vent eroded by vigorous degassing, and do not represent new eruptive activity; no ash was detected in the plume outside of the crater. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The uninhabited Whakaari/White Island is the 2 x 2.4 km emergent summit of a 16 x 18 km submarine volcano in the Bay of Plenty about 50 km offshore of North Island. The island consists of two overlapping andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcanoes. The SE side of the crater is open at sea level, with the recent activity centered about 1 km from the shore close to the rear crater wall. Volckner Rocks, sea stacks that are remnants of a lava dome, lie 5 km NW. Descriptions of volcanism since 1826 have included intermittent moderate phreatic, phreatomagmatic, and Strombolian eruptions; activity there also forms a prominent part of Maori legends. The formation of many new vents during the 19th and 20th centuries caused rapid changes in crater floor topography. Collapse of the crater wall in 1914 produced a debris avalanche that buried buildings and workers at a sulfur-mining project. Explosive activity in December 2019 took place while tourists were present, resulting in many fatalities. The official government name Whakaari/White Island is a combination of the full Maori name of Te Puia o Whakaari ("The Dramatic Volcano") and White Island (referencing the constant steam plume) given by Captain James Cook in 1769. Source: GeoNet *http://www.geonet.org.nz/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.geonet.org.nz/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliMcblIMxA$>* Ongoing Activity Aira | Kyushu (Japan) | 31.5772°N, 130.6589°E | Summit elev. 1117 m Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Calderaâ??s Sakurajima volcano) during 8-15 July. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible. An explosion at 2123 on 10 July produced an ash plume that rose 2.3 km above the crater rim and drifted E, and also ejected large blocks up to 1.1 km from the vent. An explosion at 1819 on 14 July produced an ash plume that rose 4.5 km above the crater rim and drifted NE, with large blocks ejected up to 1.4 km from the vent. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters. Geologic Summary. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim and built an island that was joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit cone ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Frequent eruptions since the 8th century have deposited ash on the city of Kagoshima, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest recorded eruption took place during 1471-76. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) *http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliPKGvf-0g$>* Ebeko | Paramushir Island (Russia) | 50.686°N, 156.014°E | Summit elev. 1103 m The Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 4-11 July. Webcam images showed explosions on 5 and 7 July that generated ash plumes that rose about 1.9 km above the summit (to 3 km a.s.l.); satellite data confirmed the ash plume drifted as far as 30 km NE. A thermal anomaly was observed over the volcano during 5-7 July in satellite images analyzed by KVERT; weather clouds prevented views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The flat-topped summit of the central cone of Ebeko volcano, one of the most active in the Kuril Islands, occupies the northern end of Paramushir Island. Three summit craters located along a SSW-NNE line form Ebeko volcano proper, at the northern end of a complex of five volcanic cones. Blocky lava flows extend west from Ebeko and SE from the neighboring Nezametnyi cone. The eastern part of the southern crater contains strong solfataras and a large boiling spring. The central crater is filled by a lake about 20 m deep whose shores are lined with steaming solfataras; the northern crater lies across a narrow, low barrier from the central crater and contains a small, cold crescentic lake. Historical activity, recorded since the late-18th century, has been restricted to small-to-moderate explosive eruptions from the summit craters. Intense fumarolic activity occurs in the summit craters, on the outer flanks of the cone, and in lateral explosion craters. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) *http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliOlxf6nFQ$>* Fuego | South-Central Guatemala | 14.473°N, 90.88°W | Summit elev. 3763 m Instituto Nacional de SismologÃa, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e HidrologÃa (INSIVUMEH) reported that eruptive activity continued at Fuego during 10-16 July. Daily explosions were recorded by the seismic network, ranging from 2-11 explosions per hour. The explosions generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 30 km in multiple directions. The explosions produced block avalanches that descended various drainages including the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Taniluyá (SW), Trinidad (SSW), and Las Lajas (SE), and Honda (E), and often reached vegetated areas. Weak rumbling sounds and shock waves were reported on most days. Ashfall was reported on 10, 12, 14, and 16 July in areas downwind including Panimaché I and II (8 km SW) Finca Paloverde (10 km SW), El Porvenir (10 km S), Santa Sofia (12 km SW), Sangre de Cristo (10 km SW), Morelia (10 km SW), Los Yucales (12 km SW), Yepocápa (8 km NW), and other nearby communities. Ashfall was forecast for areas downwind on some of the other days. The explosions also ejected incandescent material up to 100 m above the summit during 10-11 and 13-16 July. On 12 July lahars descended the Las Lajas, Seca, and Mineral drainages, carrying tree branches, trunks, and blocks as large as 1.5 m in diameter. Geologic Summary. Volcán Fuego, one of Central America's most active volcanoes, is also one of three large stratovolcanoes overlooking Guatemala's former capital, Antigua. The scarp of an older edifice, Meseta, lies between Fuego and Acatenango to the north. Construction of Meseta dates back to about 230,000 years and continued until the late Pleistocene or early Holocene. Collapse of Meseta may have produced the massive Escuintla debris-avalanche deposit, which extends about 50 km onto the Pacific coastal plain. Growth of the modern Fuego volcano followed, continuing the southward migration of volcanism that began at the mostly andesitic Acatenango. Eruptions at Fuego have become more mafic with time, and most historical activity has produced basaltic rocks. Frequent vigorous historical eruptions have been recorded since the onset of the Spanish era in 1524, and have produced major ashfalls, along with occasional pyroclastic flows and lava flows. Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) *http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNXyvMOqA$>* Great Sitkin | Andreanof Islands (USA) | 52.076°N, 176.13°W | Summit elev. 1740 m Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion in Great Sitkinâ??s summit crater likely continued during 10-16 July. Seismicity was low with few daily small earthquakes recorded by the seismic network. Daily clear webcam views showed minor steaming from the active lava flow, and on 15 July elevated surface temperatures were detected by satellite. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The Great Sitkin volcano forms much of the northern side of Great Sitkin Island. A younger volcano capped by a small, 0.8 x 1.2 km ice-filled summit caldera was constructed within a large late-Pleistocene or early Holocene scarp formed by massive edifice failure that truncated an older edifice and produced a submarine debris avalanche. Deposits from this and an even older debris avalanche from a source to the south cover a broad area of the ocean floor north of the volcano. The summit lies along the eastern rim of the younger collapse scarp. Deposits from an earlier caldera-forming eruption of unknown age cover the flanks of the island to a depth up to 6 m. The small younger caldera was partially filled by lava domes emplaced in 1945 and 1974, and five small older flank lava domes, two of which lie on the coastline, were constructed along northwest- and NNW-trending lines. Hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles occur near the head of Big Fox Creek, south of the volcano. Eruptions have been recorded since the late-19th century. Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) *https://avo.alaska.edu/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliN_rthz8Q$>* Ibu | Halmahera | 1.488°N, 127.63°E | Summit elev. 1325 m Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported continuing activity at Ibu during 10-16 July. Emissions were observed daily; white and gray, gray, and sometimes gray-to-black plumes rose as high as 2 km above the summit. Seismicity included harmonic tremor episodes, frequent gas emission signals, and 2-52 daily explosion events. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening. Geologic Summary. The truncated summit of Gunung Ibu stratovolcano along the NW coast of Halmahera Island has large nested summit craters. The inner crater, 1 km wide and 400 m deep, has contained several small crater lakes. The 1.2-km-wide outer crater is breached on the N, creating a steep-walled valley. A large cone grew ENE of the summit, and a smaller one to the WSW has fed a lava flow down the W flank. A group of maars is located below the N and W flanks. The first observed and recorded eruption was a small explosion from the summit crater in 1911. Eruptive activity began again in December 1998, producing a lava dome that eventually covered much of the floor of the inner summit crater along with ongoing explosive ash emissions. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) *http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNhmsbJow$>* Kanlaon | Philippines | 10.4096°N, 123.13°E | Summit elev. 2422 m Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported that moderate emissions at Kanlaon rose 100-400 m and drifted in several directions during 11-16 July. Sulfur dioxide emissions were as high as 2,556 tonnes per day measured on 13 July. There were 2-19 daily volcanic earthquakes recorded by the seismic network. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and PHIVOLCS reminded the public to remain outside of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone. Geologic Summary. Kanlaon volcano (also spelled Canlaon) forms the highest point on the Philippine island of Negros. The massive andesitic stratovolcano is covered with fissure-controlled pyroclastic cones and craters, many of which are filled by lakes. The largest debris avalanche known in the Philippines traveled 33 km SW from Kanlaon. The summit contains a 2-km-wide, elongated northern caldera with a crater lake and a smaller but higher active vent, Lugud crater, to the south. Eruptions recorded since 1866 have typically consisted of phreatic explosions of small-to-moderate size that produce minor local ashfall. Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) *http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliMVOmvzfQ$>* Lewotobi | Flores Island | 8.542°S, 122.775°E | Summit elev. 1703 m Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobi Laki-laki continued during 10-16 July. Emissions rose 50-1,000 m above the summit during each day; emissions were described as white and gray on 10, 12, and 16 July, and gray on 11 and 13-15 July. Seismicity included frequent gas emission signals, volcanic earthquakes, rockfall events, low-frequency (LF) earthquakes, and 5-8 daily explosive events. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside of the exclusion zone, defined as a 3-km radius around both Laki-laki and Perempuan craters, 4 km to the NNW and SSE of Laki-laki. Geologic Summary. The Lewotobi edifice in eastern Flores Island is composed of the two adjacent Lewotobi Laki-laki and Lewotobi Perempuan stratovolcanoes (the "husband and wife"). Their summits are less than 2 km apart along a NW-SE line. The conical Laki-laki to the NW has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader Perempuan has had observed eruptions in 1921 and 1935. Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in both of the summit craters, which are open to the north. A prominent cone, Iliwokar, occurs on the E flank of Perampuan. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) *http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNhmsbJow$>* Lewotolok | Lembata Island | 8.274°S, 123.508°E | Summit elev. 1431 m Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported continuing activity at Lewotolok during 10-16 July. White emissions were observed daily, reaching heights of up to 300 m above the summit. Seismicity included frequent gas emission signals, non-harmonic tremor, and volcanic earthquakes. Crater incandescence was observed in webcam images during most nights. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 2.5 km away on the S, SE, and W flanks. Geologic Summary. The Lewotolok (or Lewotolo) stratovolcano occupies the eastern end of an elongated peninsula extending north into the Flores Sea, connected to Lembata (formerly Lomblen) Island by a narrow isthmus. It is symmetrical when viewed from the north and east. A small cone with a 130-m-wide crater constructed at the SE side of a larger crater forms the volcano's high point. Many lava flows have reached the coastline. Eruptions recorded since 1660 have consisted of explosive activity from the summit crater. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) *http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNhmsbJow$>* Marapi | Central Sumatra | 0.38°S, 100.474°E | Summit elev. 2885 m Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) was ongoing during 10-16 July. On 10 July at 1656 a VONA was issued. Gray emissions rose 1,000 m above the summit and drifted NE. White gas-and-steam plumes rose 100-300 m above the summit and drifted multiple directions during 11, 13, and 16 July. Emissions were not observed on the other days. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater. Geologic Summary. Gunung Marapi, not to be confused with the better-known Merapi volcano on Java, is Sumatra's most active volcano. This massive complex stratovolcano rises 2,000 m above the Bukittinggi Plain in the Padang Highlands. A broad summit contains multiple partially overlapping summit craters constructed within the small 1.4-km-wide Bancah caldera. The summit craters are located along an ENE-WSW line, with volcanism migrating to the west. More than 50 eruptions, typically consisting of small-to-moderate explosive activity, have been recorded since the end of the 18th century; no lava flows outside the summit craters have been reported in historical time. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) *http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNhmsbJow$>* Merapi | Central Java | 7.54°S, 110.446°E | Summit elev. 2910 m Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 5-11 July. On 7 July white emissions rose 700 m above the summit. The SW lava dome produced 131 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2.0 km down the upper part of the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank and as far as 900 m down the Boyong drainage on the S flank. One pyroclastic flow descended the SW flank as far as 1.3 km. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing effusion and collapses of material. Seismicity increased in intensity compared to the previous week. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location. Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta. It is the youngest and southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. Growth of Old Merapi during the Pleistocene ended with major edifice collapse perhaps about 2,000 years ago, leaving a large arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang volcano. Subsequent growth of the steep-sided Young Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent activity, began SW of the earlier collapse scarp. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated lands on the western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities. Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) *http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliPgyonRqA$>* Nevado del Ruiz | Colombia | 4.892°N, 75.324°W | Summit elev. 5279 m Servicio Geológico Colombianoâ??s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that eruptive activity at Nevado del Ruiz continued during 9-15 July. The number of seismic events associated with fluid movement decreased in both magnitude and number compared to the previous week but were variable throughout the week. Through webcams and visual observations by officials at Parque Nacional Natural de Los Nevados, several as emissions associated with these events were confirmed. Seismicity associated with rock fracturing decreased in the number of events but maintained similar magnitudes compared to the previous week; these earthquakes at depths of 1-7 km below the summit were primarily located within 4 km of Arenas Crater and the NE sector. The largest events were M 1.2 which were detected at 0319 on 13 July (about 1 km NW and 2 km deep) and 1222 on 14 July (to the N and 4 km deep). Seismic signals indicating lava-dome activity increased but remained of short duration and low energy level. Sulfur dioxide emissions were variable, and gas plumes rose as high as 1.5 km above the crater rim and drifted NW, W, and WSW. Thermal anomalies on the crater floor were identified in satellite data, though weather conditions often inhibited views. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale), and the public was warned to stay out of the restricted areas around Arenas Crater. Geologic Summary. Nevado del Ruiz is a broad, glacier-covered volcano in central Colombia that covers more than 200 km2. Three major edifices, composed of andesitic and dacitic lavas and andesitic pyroclastics, have been constructed since the beginning of the Pleistocene. The modern cone consists of a broad cluster of lava domes built within the caldera of an older edifice. The 1-km-wide, 240-m-deep Arenas crater occupies the summit. The prominent La Olleta pyroclastic cone located on the SW flank may also have been active in historical time. Steep headwalls of massive landslides cut the flanks. Melting of its summit icecap during historical eruptions, which date back to the 16th century, has resulted in devastating lahars, including one in 1985 that was South America's deadliest eruption. Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC) *https://www2.sgc.gov.co/volcanes/index.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www2.sgc.gov.co/volcanes/index.html__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliPRl4yn5Q$>* Popocatepetl | Mexico | 19.023°N, 98.622°W | Summit elev. 5393 m Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) reported that eruptive activity continued at Popocatépetl during 10-16 July. Daily activity consisted of 5-22 long-period (LP) events that were accompanied by emissions of gas, steam, and small quantities of ash. Additionally, volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes were registered on 11, 12, and 16 July. The most significant VT earthquake was a M1.9 that occurred at 0905 on 16 July. Continuous gas-and-steam emissions were observed on some mornings; plumes dispersed towards the WSW and WNW. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 12 km away from the crater. Geologic Summary. Volcán Popocatépetl, whose name is the Aztec word for smoking mountain, rises 70 km SE of Mexico City to form North America's 2nd-highest volcano. The glacier-clad stratovolcano contains a steep-walled, 400 x 600 m wide crater. The generally symmetrical volcano is modified by the sharp-peaked Ventorrillo on the NW, a remnant of an earlier volcano. At least three previous major cones were destroyed by gravitational failure during the Pleistocene, producing massive debris-avalanche deposits covering broad areas to the south. The modern volcano was constructed south of the late-Pleistocene to Holocene El Fraile cone. Three major Plinian eruptions, the most recent of which took place about 800 CE, have occurred since the mid-Holocene, accompanied by pyroclastic flows and voluminous lahars that swept basins below the volcano. Frequent historical eruptions, first recorded in Aztec codices, have occurred since Pre-Columbian time. Source: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED) *https://www.gob.mx/cenapred <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.gob.mx/cenapred__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNyOq1fWQ$>* Sabancaya | Peru | 15.787°S, 71.857°W | Summit elev. 5960 m Instituto GeofÃsico del Perú (IGP) reported that moderate levels of eruptive activity continued at Sabancaya during 9-14 July. A daily average of 55 explosions were recorded, ejecting ash-and-gas emissions as high as 2.2 km above the summit. The emissions dispersed as far as 10 km in the E and SE directions. Seismicity also included a total of 393 earthquakes associated with magma and gas movement, as well as earthquakes related to rock-fracturing processes inside or near the volcano. Slight inflation of the N sector of the volcano complex continued (near Nevado Hualca Hualca, located approximately 7 km N). Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions were classified as moderate, with an average of 525 tons per day. Additionally, a combined total of 31 thermal anomalies were detected by both the MIROVA monitoring system and the NASA FIRMS monitoring system in the area of the lava dome within the crater (with a maximum value of 25 MW). The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was reminded to stay at least 12 km away from the summit crater in all directions. Geologic Summary. Sabancaya, located in the saddle NE of Ampato and SE of Hualca Hualca volcanoes, is the youngest of these volcanic centers and the only one to have erupted in historical time. The oldest of the three, Nevado Hualca Hualca, is of probable late-Pliocene to early Pleistocene age. The name Sabancaya (meaning "tongue of fire" in the Quechua language) first appeared in records in 1595 CE, suggesting activity prior to that date. Holocene activity has consisted of Plinian eruptions followed by emission of voluminous andesitic and dacitic lava flows, which form an extensive apron around the volcano on all sides but the south. Records of observed eruptions date back to 1750 CE. Source: Instituto GeofÃsico del Perú (IGP) *http://www.igp.gob.pe/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igp.gob.pe/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNQkSJucQ$>* Santa Maria | Southwestern Guatemala | 14.757°N, 91.552°W | Summit elev. 3745 m Instituto Nacional de SismologÃa, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e HidrologÃa (INSIVUMEH) reported that high-level eruptive activity continued at Santa Mariaâ??s Santiaguito lava-dome complex during 10-16 July with lava extrusion, block collapses, and avalanches at the Caliente dome complex. The continuous effusion of blocky lava produced block avalanches on the domeâ??s flanks and occasional short-range pyroclastic flows that descended multiple flanks. During most nights and early mornings incandescence was visible around Caliente dome and along the upper parts of the lava flow on the WSW flank. Lava extrusion fed the upper parts of the lava flow, and block avalanches occasionally traveled over the lava flow. Daily explosions (a few per hour on most days) generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose 700-900 m above the summit and drifted mainly NW, W, and SW. Ashfall was reported in San Marcos (8 km SW) and Loma Linda Palajunoj (7 km SW) on 14 July. On 10 July a lahar descended the Tambor river in the SSW sector of the volcano carrying tree trunks, branches, and volcanic blocks up to 1 m in diameter. Weather conditions sometimes prevented visual observations. Geologic Summary. Symmetrical, forest-covered Santa MarÃa volcano is part of a chain of large stratovolcanoes that rise above the Pacific coastal plain of Guatemala. The sharp-topped, conical profile is cut on the SW flank by a 1.5-km-wide crater. The oval-shaped crater extends from just below the summit to the lower flank, and was formed during a catastrophic eruption in 1902. The renowned Plinian eruption of 1902 that devastated much of SW Guatemala followed a long repose period after construction of the large basaltic-andesite stratovolcano. The massive dacitic Santiaguito lava-dome complex has been growing at the base of the 1902 crater since 1922. Compound dome growth at Santiaguito has occurred episodically from four vents, with activity progressing E towards the most recent, Caliente. Dome growth has been accompanied by almost continuous minor explosions, with periodic lava extrusion, larger explosions, pyroclastic flows, and lahars. Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) *http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNXyvMOqA$>* Semeru | Eastern Java | 8.108°S, 112.922°E | Summit elev. 3657 m Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity decreased at Semeru during 10-16 July. Daily eruptive events, sometimes several per day, were recorded by the seismic network though plumes were not always visually confirmed; plumes rose as high as 800 m above the summit and drifted primarily SW and W. On 15 July the Alert Level decreased from 3 to 2 (on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 3 km away from the summit in all directions, 8 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 13 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards. Geologic Summary. Semeru, the highest volcano on Java, and one of its most active, lies at the southern end of a volcanic massif extending north to the Tengger caldera. The steep-sided volcano, also referred to as Mahameru (Great Mountain), rises above coastal plains to the south. Gunung Semeru was constructed south of the overlapping Ajek-ajek and Jambangan calderas. A line of lake-filled maars was constructed along a N-S trend cutting through the summit, and cinder cones and lava domes occupy the eastern and NE flanks. Summit topography is complicated by the shifting of craters from NW to SE. Frequent 19th and 20th century eruptions were dominated by small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, with occasional lava flows and larger explosive eruptions accompanied by pyroclastic flows that have reached the lower flanks of the volcano. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) *http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNhmsbJow$>* Sheveluch | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 56.653°N, 161.36°E | Summit elev. 3283 m The Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that eruptive activity at Sheveluch continued during 4-11 July. Vigorous degassing activity accompanied the effusive eruption in the crater of Young Sheveluch, as well as the growth of the "300 years of RAS" lava dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch. Thermal anomalies were observed in both areas on 5-8 and 11 July in satellite images analyzed by KVERT. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Sheveluch volcano (also spelled Shiveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group. The 1,300 km3 andesitic volcano is one of Kamchatka's largest and most active volcanic structures, with at least 60 large eruptions during the Holocene. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera breached to the south. Many lava domes occur on its outer flanks. The Molodoy Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within the large open caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took place on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. Widespread tephra layers from these eruptions have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964, have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of the breached caldera. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) *http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliOlxf6nFQ$>* Taal | Luzon (Philippines) | 14.0106°N, 120.9975°E | Summit elev. 311 m Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported that daily moderately dense to dense emissions rose as high as 2.4 km above the rim of Taalâ??s Main Crater and drifted several directions. Sulfur dioxide emissions peaked at 11,745 tonnes per day (t/d) on 11 July, but by 15 July were back below the 2024 average of 7,895 t/d at 5,236 t/d. A phreatic event on 13 July lasted one minute based on seismic and infrasound data, and generated emissions that rose 1.5 km above Main Crater and drifted SW. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5), and PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and to take extra precaution around Main Crater and along the Daang Kastila fissure. Geologic Summary. Taal is one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines and has produced some powerful eruptions. The 15 x 20 km Talisay (Taal) caldera is largely filled by Lake Taal, whose 267 km2 surface lies only 3 m above sea level. The maximum depth of the lake is 160 m, with several submerged eruptive centers. The 5-km-wide Volcano Island in north-central Lake Taal is the location of all observed eruptions. The island is composed of coalescing small stratovolcanoes, tuff rings, and scoria cones. Powerful pyroclastic flows and surges have caused many fatalities. Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) *http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliMVOmvzfQ$>* Tungurahua | Ecuador | 1.467°S, 78.442°W | Summit elev. 5023 m Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that seismic stations installed at Tungurahua recorded high-frequency signals that may be associated with the descent of lahars through the volcano's ravines, particularly given that rain was confirmed in the area. IG-EPN advised people to stay away from channels, streams, and rivers near the volcano. Geologic Summary. Tungurahua, a steep-sided andesitic-dacitic stratovolcano that towers more than 3 km above its northern base, is one of Ecuador's most active volcanoes. Three major edifices have been sequentially constructed since the mid-Pleistocene over a basement of metamorphic rocks. Tungurahua II was built within the past 14,000 years following the collapse of the initial edifice. Tungurahua II collapsed about 3,000 years ago and produced a large debris-avalanche deposit to the west. The modern glacier-capped stratovolcano (Tungurahua III) was constructed within the landslide scarp. Historical eruptions have all originated from the summit crater, accompanied by strong explosions and sometimes by pyroclastic flows and lava flows that reached populated areas at the volcano's base. Prior to a long-term eruption beginning in 1999 that caused the temporary evacuation of the city of Baños at the foot of the volcano, the last major eruption had occurred from 1916 to 1918, although minor activity continued until 1925. Source: Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) *http://www.igepn.edu.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igepn.edu.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliPB8Siumg$>* Villarrica | Central Chile | 39.42°S, 71.93°W | Summit elev. 2847 m Servicio Nacional de GeologÃa y MinerÃa (SERNAGEOMIN) reported that an energetic explosion, more significant than the usual Strombolian events at Villarrica, ejected ballistics up to 500 m above the crater rim and as far as 1,400 m along the WNW flank (near the head of Correntoso valley) at 2104 on 10 July. The explosion also generated a column of ash and gas that reached over 600 m above the crater rim and was accompanied by a long-period (LP) earthquake. Following the explosion, the seismic energy levels remained low. However, infrasound observations suggest recurrent lava lake activity, with temporal variations in the level of activity. The volcano is currently exhibiting a heightened level of activity that exceeds its usual baseline. This includes signs of energetic instability that surpass the typical Strombolian activity usually recorded, with no precursory activity. The hazard zone radius was expanded from 500 to 2,000 m from the center of the crater as of 1130 on 12 July. Geologic Summary. The glacier-covered Villarrica stratovolcano, in the northern Lakes District of central Chile, is ~15 km south of the city of Pucon. A 2-km-wide caldera that formed about 3,500 years ago is located at the base of the presently active, dominantly basaltic to basaltic-andesite cone at the NW margin of a 6-km-wide Pleistocene caldera. More than 30 scoria cones and fissure vents are present on the flanks. Plinian eruptions and pyroclastic flows that have extended up to 20 km from the volcano were produced during the Holocene. Lava flows up to 18 km long have issued from summit and flank vents. Eruptions documented since 1558 CE have consisted largely of mild-to-moderate explosive activity with occasional lava effusion. Glaciers cover 40 km2 of the volcano, and lahars have damaged towns on its flanks. Sources: Servicio Nacional de GeologÃa y MinerÃa (SERNAGEOMIN) *http://www.sernageomin.cl/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.sernageomin.cl/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliOc6hRMRQ$>* ; Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR) *http://www.segemar.gov.ar/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.segemar.gov.ar/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fcZ5d8EtUmcwlpxfs0zAce2rppCX9qNoscEl_H_H4gBzRUzcnkQCSXuBeXBNI_4nvBrgxPgbUo49gQBdliNI0nZQaw$>* 3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3 ============================================================== Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). 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