3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3 From: "Kuhn, Sally" <KUHNS@xxxxxx> Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1-7 June 2022 Sally Kuhn Sennert - Weekly Report Editor (kuhns@xxxxxx) URL: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A1ul6Zm3$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WDyvXFoE$> New Activity/Unrest: Bulusan, Luzon (Philippines) | Reykjanes, Reykjanes Peninsula | Ulawun, New Britain (Papua New Guinea) Ongoing Activity: Bezymianny, Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Dukono, Halmahera | Etna, Sicily (Italy) | Great Sitkin, Andreanof Islands (USA) | Ibu, Halmahera | Karymsky, Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Kilauea, Hawaiian Islands (USA) | Lewotolok, Lembata Island | Manam, Northeast of New Guinea | Merapi, Central Java | Pagan, Mariana Islands (USA) | Pavlof, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska | Rincon de la Vieja, Costa Rica | Ruapehu, North Island (New Zealand) | Sabancaya, Peru | Semeru, Eastern Java | Semisopochnoi, Aleutian Islands (USA) | Sheveluch, Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Suwanosejima, Ryukyu Islands (Japan) The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday, these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. This is not a comprehensive list of all of Earth's volcanoes erupting during the week, but rather a summary of activity at volcanoes that meet criteria discussed in detail in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section. Carefully reviewed, detailed reports about recent activity are published in issues of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Note that many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source. New Activity/Unrest Bulusan | Luzon (Philippines) | 12.769°N, 124.056°E | Summit elev. 1535 m At 1037 on 5 June a phreatic eruption at Bulusan produced a gray steam-rich plume, somewhat visible through weather cloud cover, that rose at least 1 km above the summit and drifted W. The event lasted about 17 minutes and was visible from Juban (Sorsogon Province). Ashfall was reported in Puting Sapa, Añog, Guruyan, Catanusan, Buraburan, Bacolod, and Sangkayon in Juban, and Bolos in Irosin, Sorsogon Province. Residents of Añog, Guruyan, and Catanusan also reported rumbling sounds and a sulfur odor. PHIVOLCS raised the Alert Level to 1 (on a scale of 0-5) and reminded the public not to enter the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) nor the 2 km Extended Danger Zone (EDZ) on the SE flank. After the eruption gas emissions rose from the main crater and, for the first time this year, from the NW summit vent. Geologic Summary. Luzon's southernmost volcano, Bulusan, was constructed along the rim of the 11-km-diameter dacitic-to-rhyolitic Irosin caldera, which was formed about 36,000 years ago. It lies at the SE end of the Bicol volcanic arc occupying the peninsula of the same name that forms the elongated SE tip of Luzon. A broad, flat moat is located below the topographically prominent SW rim of Irosin caldera; the NE rim is buried by the andesitic complex. Bulusan is flanked by several other large intracaldera lava domes and cones, including the prominent Mount Jormajan lava dome on the SW flank and Sharp Peak to the NE. The summit is unvegetated and contains a 300-m-wide, 50-m-deep crater. Three small craters are located on the SE flank. Many moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded since the mid-19th century. Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-Awl8Igus$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WOkY0jpc$> Reykjanes | Reykjanes Peninsula | 63.817°N, 22.717°W | Summit elev. 140 m On 2 June IMO reported that the rate of uplift on the Reykjanes Peninsula had significantly decreased, and seismicity had been declining, with only about 150 earthquakes recorded the previous day. The Aviation Color Code was lowered to Green because the data indicated no magma movement. Geologic Summary. The Reykjanes volcanic system at the SW tip of the Reykjanes Peninsula, where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rises above sea level, comprises a broad area of postglacial basaltic crater rows and small shield volcanoes. The submarine Reykjaneshryggur volcanic system is contiguous with and is considered part of the Reykjanes volcanic system, which is the westernmost of a series of four closely-spaced en-echelon fissure systems that extend diagonally across the Reykjanes Peninsula. Most of the subaerial part of the system (also known as the Reykjanes/Svartsengi volcanic system) is covered by Holocene lavas. Subaerial eruptions have occurred in historical time during the 13th century at several locations on the NE-SW-trending fissure system, and numerous submarine eruptions dating back to the 12th century have been observed during historical time, some of which have formed ephemeral islands. Basaltic rocks of probable Holocene age have been recovered during dredging operations, and tephra deposits from earlier Holocene eruptions are preserved on the nearby Reykjanes Peninsula. Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://en.vedur.is/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-AxP4iNFP$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://en.vedur.is/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WBEPKDJw$> Ulawun | New Britain (Papua New Guinea) | 5.05°S, 151.33°E | Summit elev. 2334 m RVO reported that at 0820 on 2 June a small eruption at Ulawun produced dense gray ash plumes that rose about 3 km above the summit and drifted NW. The elevated activity lasted 10-15 minutes. Minor ashfall was reported in areas downwind, including in Ulamona Mission and on Lolobau Island. Seismicity increased during the event, then dropped back to lower levels. Diffuse white plumes were visible rising from the summit the next day. Geologic Summary. The symmetrical basaltic-to-andesitic Ulawun stratovolcano is the highest volcano of the Bismarck arc, and one of Papua New Guinea's most frequently active. The volcano, also known as the Father, rises above the N coast of the island of New Britain across a low saddle NE of Bamus volcano, the South Son. The upper 1,000 m is unvegetated. A prominent E-W escarpment on the south may be the result of large-scale slumping. Satellitic cones occupy the NW and E flanks. A steep-walled valley cuts the NW side, and a flank lava-flow complex lies to the south of this valley. Historical eruptions date back to the beginning of the 18th century. Twentieth-century eruptions were mildly explosive until 1967, but after 1970 several larger eruptions produced lava flows and basaltic pyroclastic flows, greatly modifying the summit crater. Sources: Rabaul Volcano Observatory (RVO) ; Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A7q1r1Eo$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5W-mc2obg$> Ongoing Activity Bezymianny | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 55.972°N, 160.595°E | Summit elev. 2882 m KVERT reported that after a notable explosive eruption phase occurred at Bezymianny on 28 May (local date), eruptive activity characterized by strong fumarolic emissions, lava-dome incandescence, and hot avalanches continued through 3 June. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. Prior to its noted 1955-56 eruption, Bezymianny had been considered extinct. The modern volcano, much smaller in size than its massive neighbors Kamen and Kliuchevskoi, was formed about 4700 years ago over a late-Pleistocene lava-dome complex and an ancestral edifice built about 11,000-7000 years ago. Three periods of intensified activity have occurred during the past 3000 years. The latest period, which was preceded by a 1000-year quiescence, began with the dramatic 1955-56 eruption. This eruption, similar to that of St. Helens in 1980, produced a large horseshoe-shaped crater that was formed by collapse of the summit and an associated lateral blast. Subsequent episodic but ongoing lava-dome growth, accompanied by intermittent explosive activity and pyroclastic flows, has largely filled the 1956 crater. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A3gia7Zo$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WxtsvwlA$> Dukono | Halmahera | 1.693°N, 127.894°E | Summit elev. 1229 m Based on satellite and wind model data, and information from ground observers, the Darwin VAAC reported that during 1-7 June ash plumes from Dukono rose to 2.4 km (8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, NW, W, and SW. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 2-km exclusion zone. Geologic Summary. Reports from this remote volcano in northernmost Halmahera are rare, but Dukono has been one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes. More-or-less continuous explosive eruptions, sometimes accompanied by lava flows, occurred from 1933 until at least the mid-1990s, when routine observations were curtailed. During a major eruption in 1550, a lava flow filled in the strait between Halmahera and the north-flank cone of Gunung Mamuya. This complex volcano presents a broad, low profile with multiple summit peaks and overlapping craters. Malupang Wariang, 1 km SW of the summit crater complex, contains a 700 x 570 m crater that has also been active during historical time. Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A7q1r1Eo$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5W-mc2obg$> ; Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-AxVvhzQ1$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WPJV9I9M$> Etna | Sicily (Italy) | 37.748°N, 14.999°E | Summit elev. 3357 m INGV reported that during 30 May-5 June the fissure located at the upper part of Etnaâ??s Valle del Bove, between 2,700 and 2,900 m elevation, continued to produce lava flows at a variable rate. The flows branched and overlapped, reaching 1,900 m elevation by 5 June. Strombolian activity at Southeast Crater (SEC) varied in intensity and frequency, producing ash emissions that drifted SSE; the most intense activity occurred during 1-3 June. Ash plumes rose to around 5 km (16,400 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S on 3 June. On 7 June a new fissure opened at the base of the N wall of the Valle del Bove, in the Serracozzo area, at 1,900-1,950 m elevation. The fissure produced a lava flow that traveled a few tens of meters. Geologic Summary. Mount Etna, towering above Catania on the island of Sicily, has one of the world's longest documented records of volcanism, dating back to 1500 BCE. Historical lava flows of basaltic composition cover much of the surface of this massive volcano, whose edifice is the highest and most voluminous in Italy. The Mongibello stratovolcano, truncated by several small calderas, was constructed during the late Pleistocene and Holocene over an older shield volcano. The most prominent morphological feature of Etna is the Valle del Bove, a 5 x 10 km caldera open to the east. Two styles of eruptive activity typically occur, sometimes simultaneously. Persistent explosive eruptions, sometimes with minor lava emissions, take place from one or more summit craters. Flank vents, typically with higher effusion rates, are less frequently active and originate from fissures that open progressively downward from near the summit (usually accompanied by Strombolian eruptions at the upper end). Cinder cones are commonly constructed over the vents of lower-flank lava flows. Lava flows extend to the foot of the volcano on all sides and have reached the sea over a broad area on the SE flank. Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ct.ingv.it/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-AxJRsJyh$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ct.ingv.it/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WZbXB0wk$> Great Sitkin | Andreanof Islands (USA) | 52.076°N, 176.13°W | Summit elev. 1740 m AVO reported that the eruption at Great Sitkin continued during 31 May-7 June, though weather clouds sometimes hindered observations. Surface temperatures were occasionally identified in satellite data, consistent with lava effusion. A few small earthquakes were detected on a few of the days. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively. Geologic Summary. The Great Sitkin volcano forms much of the northern side of Great Sitkin Island. A younger parasitic volcano capped by a small, 0.8 x 1.2 km ice-filled summit caldera was constructed within a large late-Pleistocene or early Holocene scarp formed by massive edifice failure that truncated an ancestral volcano and produced a submarine debris avalanche. Deposits from this and an older debris avalanche from a source to the south cover a broad area of the ocean floor north of the volcano. The summit lies along the eastern rim of the younger collapse scarp. Deposits from an earlier caldera-forming eruption of unknown age cover the flanks of the island to a depth up to 6 m. The small younger caldera was partially filled by lava domes emplaced in 1945 and 1974, and five small older flank lava domes, two of which lie on the coastline, were constructed along northwest- and NNW-trending lines. Hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles occur near the head of Big Fox Creek, south of the volcano. Historical eruptions have been recorded since the late-19th century. Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A4lc1YiW$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WVHzMzo4$> Ibu | Halmahera | 1.488°N, 127.63°E | Summit elev. 1325 m PVMBG reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 31 May-7 June. Daily gray-and-white ash plumes of variable densities generally rose 200-800 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. An eruptive event at 1116 on 6 June produced a dense gray ash plume that rose 4 km above the summit and drifted W. The Alert Level remained at a 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the active crater and 3.5 km away on the N side. Geologic Summary. The truncated summit of Gunung Ibu stratovolcano along the NW coast of Halmahera Island has large nested summit craters. The inner crater, 1 km wide and 400 m deep, has contained several small crater lakes. The 1.2-km-wide outer crater is breached on the N, creating a steep-walled valley. A large cone grew ENE of the summit, and a smaller one to the WSW has fed a lava flow down the W flank. A group of maars is located below the N and W flanks. The first observed and recorded eruption was a small explosion from the summit crater in 1911. Eruptive activity began again in December 1998, producing a lava dome that eventually covered much of the floor of the inner summit crater along with ongoing explosive ash emissions. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-AxVvhzQ1$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WPJV9I9M$> Karymsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 54.049°N, 159.443°E | Summit elev. 1513 m KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Karymsky was identified in satellite images during 27 May-3 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. Karymsky, the most active volcano of Kamchatka's eastern volcanic zone, is a symmetrical stratovolcano constructed within a 5-km-wide caldera that formed during the early Holocene. The caldera cuts the south side of the Pleistocene Dvor volcano and is located outside the north margin of the large mid-Pleistocene Polovinka caldera, which contains the smaller Akademia Nauk and Odnoboky calderas. Most seismicity preceding Karymsky eruptions originated beneath Akademia Nauk caldera, located immediately south. The caldera enclosing Karymsky formed about 7600-7700 radiocarbon years ago; construction of the stratovolcano began about 2000 years later. The latest eruptive period began about 500 years ago, following a 2300-year quiescence. Much of the cone is mantled by lava flows less than 200 years old. Historical eruptions have been vulcanian or vulcanian-strombolian with moderate explosive activity and occasional lava flows from the summit crater. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A3gia7Zo$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WxtsvwlA$> Kilauea | Hawaiian Islands (USA) | 19.421°N, 155.287°W | Summit elev. 1222 m HVO reported that lava continued to effuse from a vent in the lower W wall of Kilaueaâ??s Halema`uma`u Crater during 31 May-7 June, entering the lava lake and flowing onto the crater floor. The surface of the lava lake was continuously active all week, and the lake level was relatively stable, dropping and then rising 6 m. Nearly-continuous breakouts of lava occurred along the margins of the lake. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively. Geologic Summary. Kilauea overlaps the E flank of the massive Mauna Loa shield volcano in the island of Hawaii. Eruptions are prominent in Polynesian legends; written documentation since 1820 records frequent summit and flank lava flow eruptions interspersed with periods of long-term lava lake activity at Halemaumau crater in the summit caldera until 1924. The 3 x 5 km caldera was formed in several stages about 1,500 years ago and during the 18th century; eruptions have also originated from the lengthy East and Southwest rift zones, which extend to the ocean in both directions. About 90% of the surface of the basaltic shield volcano is formed of lava flows less than about 1,100 years old; 70% of the surface is younger than 600 years. The long-term eruption from the East rift zone between 1983 and 2018 produced lava flows covering more than 100 km2, destroyed hundreds of houses, and added new coastline. Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A24h4z7l$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WSrV-9R8$> Lewotolok | Lembata Island | 8.274°S, 123.508°E | Summit elev. 1431 m PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 1-7 June. Daily white-and-gray emissions rose as high as 1.3 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The summit crater was often incandescent, and the lava flow on the E flank was incandescent during 1-4 June, based on photos in the reports. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater and 4 km away from the crater on the SE flank. Geologic Summary. The Lewotolok (or Lewotolo) stratovolcano occupies the eastern end of an elongated peninsula extending north into the Flores Sea, connected to Lembata (formerly Lomblen) Island by a narrow isthmus. It is symmetrical when viewed from the north and east. A small cone with a 130-m-wide crater constructed at the SE side of a larger crater forms the volcano's high point. Many lava flows have reached the coastline. Eruptions recorded since 1660 have consisted of explosive activity from the summit crater. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-AxVvhzQ1$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WPJV9I9M$> Manam | Northeast of New Guinea | 4.08°S, 145.037°E | Summit elev. 1807 m The eruption at Manam was ongoing. The Darwin VAAC reported that during 1-3 and 5 June ash plumes rose to 2.4-3 km (8,000-10,000 ft) and drifted NW, W, and SW, based on satellite and webcam images and information from RVO. Geologic Summary. The 10-km-wide island of Manam, lying 13 km off the northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea, is one of the country's most active volcanoes. Four large radial valleys extend from the unvegetated summit of the conical basaltic-andesitic stratovolcano to its lower flanks. These valleys channel lava flows and pyroclastic avalanches that have sometimes reached the coast. Five small satellitic centers are located near the island's shoreline on the northern, southern, and western sides. Two summit craters are present; both are active, although most observed eruptions have originated from the southern crater, concentrating eruptive products during much of the past century into the SE valley. Frequent eruptions, typically of mild-to-moderate scale, have been recorded since 1616. Occasional larger eruptions have produced pyroclastic flows and lava flows that reached flat-lying coastal areas and entered the sea, sometimes impacting populated areas. Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A7q1r1Eo$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5W-mc2obg$> Merapi | Central Java | 7.54°S, 110.446°E | Summit elev. 2910 m BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi continued during 27 May-2 June. The heights and morphologies of the SW lava dome and the central lava dome were unchanged from the previous week, and seismicity remained at high levels. As many as 101 lava avalanches, reaching a maximum distance of 1.8 km, traveled down the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank. One pyroclastic flow also traveled 1.8 km down the Bebeng drainage. Seismicity remained high. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit based on location. Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta. It is the youngest and southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. Growth of Old Merapi during the Pleistocene ended with major edifice collapse perhaps about 2,000 years ago, leaving a large arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang volcano. Subsequent growth of the steep-sided Young Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent activity, began SW of the earlier collapse scarp. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated lands on the western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities. Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A0poa8pC$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WyHU9-Bo$> Pagan | Mariana Islands (USA) | 18.13°N, 145.8°E | Summit elev. 570 m The U.S. Geological Survey reported that a possible sulfur dioxide emission from Pagan was detected on 31 May. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Unassigned. There are no ground-based instruments, so Pagan is monitored with satellite imagery, distal geophysical data, and mariner reports. Geologic Summary. Pagan Island, the largest and one of the most active of the Mariana Islands volcanoes, consists of two stratovolcanoes connected by a narrow isthmus. Both North and South Pagan stratovolcanoes were constructed within calderas, 7 and 4 km in diameter, respectively. North Pagan at the NE end of the island rises above the flat floor of the northern caldera, which may have formed less than 1,000 years ago. South Pagan is a stratovolcano with an elongated summit containing four distinct craters. Almost all of the recorded eruptions, which date back to the 17th century, have originated from North Pagan. The largest eruption during historical time took place in 1981 and prompted the evacuation of the sparsely populated island. Source: US Geological Survey https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.usgs.gov/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A-XsHbCE$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.usgs.gov/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5Wm0eJJH0$> Pavlof | Alaska Peninsula, Alaska | 55.417°N, 161.894°W | Summit elev. 2493 m AVO reported that the eruption at a vent on Pavlofâ??s upper E flank was ongoing during 31 May-7 June, and seismic tremor persisted. A short lava flow from the vent was observed during 31 May-1 June, and daily elevated surface temperatures identified in satellite images during the remainder of the week were consistent with continuing activity. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange. Geologic Summary. The most active volcano of the Aleutian arc, Pavlof is a 2519-m-high Holocene stratovolcano that was constructed along a line of vents extending NE from the Emmons Lake caldera. Pavlof and its twin volcano to the NE, 2142-m-high Pavlof Sister, form a dramatic pair of symmetrical, glacier-covered stratovolcanoes that tower above Pavlof and Volcano bays. A third cone, Little Pavlof, is a smaller volcano on the SW flank of Pavlof volcano, near the rim of Emmons Lake caldera. Unlike Pavlof Sister, Pavlof has been frequently active in historical time, typically producing Strombolian to Vulcanian explosive eruptions from the summit vents and occasional lava flows. The active vents lie near the summit on the north and east sides. The largest historical eruption took place in 1911, at the end of a 5-year-long eruptive episode, when a fissure opened on the N flank, ejecting large blocks and issuing lava flows. Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A4lc1YiW$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WVHzMzo4$> Rincon de la Vieja | Costa Rica | 10.83°N, 85.324°W | Summit elev. 1916 m OVSICORI-UNA reported continuing eruptive activity at Rincón de la Vieja characterized by small phreatic explosions. A minor emission was possibly recorded on 4 June, though it could not be visually confirmed due to darkness. An eruptive event at 0804 on 6 June produced a steam plume that rose about 3 km above the summit. Sulfur dioxide from the plume was detected by an instrument located to the S. Another event was recorded at 1204 later that day, though a plume was not visible due to weather conditions. Geologic Summary. Rincón de la Vieja, the largest volcano in NW Costa Rica, is a remote volcanic complex in the Guanacaste Range. The volcano consists of an elongated, arcuate NW-SE-trending ridge constructed within the 15-km-wide early Pleistocene GuachipelÃn caldera, whose rim is exposed on the south side. Sometimes known as the "Colossus of Guanacaste," it has an estimated volume of 130 km3 and contains at least nine major eruptive centers. Activity has migrated to the SE, where the youngest-looking craters are located. The twin cone of Santa MarÃa volcano, the highest peak of the complex, is located at the eastern end of a smaller, 5-km-wide caldera and has a 500-m-wide crater. A Plinian eruption producing the 0.25 km3 RÃo Blanca tephra about 3,500 years ago was the last major magmatic eruption. All subsequent eruptions, including numerous historical eruptions possibly dating back to the 16th century, have been from the prominent active crater containing a 500-m-wide acid lake located ENE of Von Seebach crater. Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-AzyEDMCS$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WlVOvK8A$> Ruapehu | North Island (New Zealand) | 39.28°S, 175.57°E | Summit elev. 2797 m On 7 June GeoNet reported that elevated unrest at Ruapehu continued, though at reduced levels. During the previous week volcanic tremor levels had decreased from moderate to weak, and lake water temperatures had declined to 28 degrees Celsius. Weather conditions prevented gas measurement flights during the previous few weeks. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale from 0-5) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow. Geologic Summary. Ruapehu, one of New Zealand's most active volcanoes, is a complex stratovolcano constructed during at least four cone-building episodes dating back to about 200,000 years ago. The dominantly andesitic 110 km3 volcanic massif is elongated in a NNE-SSW direction and surrounded by another 100 km3 ring plain of volcaniclastic debris, including the NW-flank Murimoto debris-avalanche deposit. A series of subplinian eruptions took place between about 22,600 and 10,000 years ago, but pyroclastic flows have been infrequent. The broad summait area and flank contain at least six vents active during the Holocene. Frequent mild-to-moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded from the Te Wai a-Moe (Crater Lake) vent, and tephra characteristics suggest that the crater lake may have formed as recently as 3,000 years ago. Lahars resulting from phreatic eruptions at the summit crater lake are a hazard to a ski area on the upper flanks and lower river valleys. Source: GeoNet https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.geonet.org.nz/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-AzqogyqS$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.geonet.org.nz/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WyAwTK5A$> Sabancaya | Peru | 15.787°S, 71.857°W | Summit elev. 5960 m Instituto GeofÃsico del Perú (IGP) reported moderate levels of activity at Sabancaya during 30 May-6 June with a daily average of nine explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 1.5 km above the summit and drifted E and SE. As many as six thermal anomalies originating from the lava dome in the summit crater were identified in satellite data. Minor inflation continued to be detected near Hualca Hualca (4 km N). The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) and the public were warned to stay outside of a 12-km radius. Geologic Summary. Sabancaya, located in the saddle NE of Ampato and SE of Hualca Hualca volcanoes, is the youngest of these volcanic centers and the only one to have erupted in historical time. The oldest of the three, Nevado Hualca Hualca, is of probable late-Pliocene to early Pleistocene age. The name Sabancaya (meaning "tongue of fire" in the Quechua language) first appeared in records in 1595 CE, suggesting activity prior to that date. Holocene activity has consisted of Plinian eruptions followed by emission of voluminous andesitic and dacitic lava flows, which form an extensive apron around the volcano on all sides but the south. Records of historical eruptions date back to 1750. Source: Instituto GeofÃsico del Perú (IGP) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igp.gob.pe/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A3c5LsBl$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igp.gob.pe/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WMY3l-ro$> Semeru | Eastern Java | 8.108°S, 112.922°E | Summit elev. 3657 m PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 1-7 June. A few eruptive events (recorded at 0701 and 0710 on 1 June, and at 1306 on 6 June) produced ash plumes that rose 300-500 m above the summit and drifted N, W, and SW. Occasionally on the other days white plumes rose 100-600 m and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit, and 500 m away from Kobokan drainages within 17 km of the summit, and along with other drainages originating on Semeru, including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards. Geologic Summary. Semeru, the highest volcano on Java, and one of its most active, lies at the southern end of a volcanic massif extending north to the Tengger caldera. The steep-sided volcano, also referred to as Mahameru (Great Mountain), rises above coastal plains to the south. Gunung Semeru was constructed south of the overlapping Ajek-ajek and Jambangan calderas. A line of lake-filled maars was constructed along a N-S trend cutting through the summit, and cinder cones and lava domes occupy the eastern and NE flanks. Summit topography is complicated by the shifting of craters from NW to SE. Frequent 19th and 20th century eruptions were dominated by small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, with occasional lava flows and larger explosive eruptions accompanied by pyroclastic flows that have reached the lower flanks of the volcano. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-AxVvhzQ1$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WPJV9I9M$> Semisopochnoi | Aleutian Islands (USA) | 51.93°N, 179.58°E | Summit elev. 1221 m AVO reported that low-level eruptive activity at Semisopochnoi's North Cerberus cone continued during 31 May-6 June. Seismicity remained elevated with intermittent tremor; one explosion was recorded during 31 May-1 June and multiple small explosions were recorded during 4-6 June. Weather clouds mostly prevented satellite and webcam views. Minor ash emissions rising to low heights were visible in webcam images during 6-7 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch. Geologic Summary. Semisopochnoi, the largest subaerial volcano of the western Aleutians, is 20 km wide at sea level and contains an 8-km-wide caldera. It formed as a result of collapse of a low-angle, dominantly basaltic volcano following the eruption of a large volume of dacitic pumice. The high point of the island is Anvil Peak, a double-peaked late-Pleistocene cone that forms much of the island's northern part. The three-peaked Mount Cerberus was constructed within the caldera during the Holocene. Each of the peaks contains a summit crater; lava flows on the N flank of Cerberus appear younger than those on the south side. Other post-caldera volcanoes include the symmetrical Sugarloaf Peak SSE of the caldera and Lakeshore Cone, a small cinder cone at the edge of Fenner Lake in the NE part of the caldera. Most documented eruptions have originated from Cerberus, although Coats (1950) considered that both Sugarloaf and Lakeshore Cone could have been recently active. Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A4lc1YiW$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WVHzMzo4$> Sheveluch | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 56.653°N, 161.36°E | Summit elev. 3283 m KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 27 May-3 June; explosions, hot avalanches, and lava-dome extrusion continued. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Sheveluch volcano (also spelled Shiveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group. The 1300 km3 volcano is one of Kamchatka's largest and most active volcanic structures. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera breached to the south. Many lava domes dot its outer flanks. The Molodoy Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within the large horseshoe-shaped caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took place on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. At least 60 large eruptions have occurred during the Holocene, making it the most vigorous andesitic volcano of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc. Widespread tephra layers from these eruptions have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964, have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of the breached caldera. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A3gia7Zo$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5WxtsvwlA$> Suwanosejima | Ryukyu Islands (Japan) | 29.638°N, 129.714°E | Summit elev. 796 m JMA reported that 27 explosions were recorded at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater during 30 May-6 June. Eruption plumes rose as high as 1.6 km above the crater rim and material was ejected as far as 600 m from the vent. Crater incandescence was visible at night. The Alert Level remained at 3 and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater. Geologic Summary. The 8-km-long, spindle-shaped island of Suwanosejima in the northern Ryukyu Islands consists of an andesitic stratovolcano with two historically active summit craters. The summit is truncated by a large breached crater extending to the sea on the east flank that was formed by edifice collapse. Suwanosejima, one of Japan's most frequently active volcanoes, was in a state of intermittent strombolian activity from Otake, the NE summit crater, that began in 1949 and lasted until 1996, after which periods of inactivity lengthened. The largest historical eruption took place in 1813-14, when thick scoria deposits blanketed residential areas, and the SW crater produced two lava flows that reached the western coast. At the end of the eruption the summit of Otake collapsed forming a large debris avalanche and creating the horseshoe-shaped Sakuchi caldera, which extends to the eastern coast. The island remained uninhabited for about 70 years after the 1813-1814 eruption. Lava flows reached the eastern coast of the island in 1884. Only about 50 people live on the island. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!bXOq3m22b8tXQIbu9FG6_cLFIxJ4GbHQ_tmFUDTtCbEkFgqMJqWoSadNGw19um-psaozA0f-A9qgBEFT$ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!Y5X_Vvz58RjjQtP840SGbOxYMlMPYupvYIQsp0btJ9TFHuQwX9M2356WBIV6tY7Qhk5Wqtvmnxw$> 3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3 ============================================================== Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). 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