GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 5-11 July 2006

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GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 5-11 July 2006
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From: "Kuhn, Sally" <KUHNS@xxxxxx>


GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

5-11 July 2006

 

New Activity/Unrest: | Bamus, Papua New Guinea | Karangetang, Indonesia | Mayon,
Philippines | Merapi, Indonesia | Sulu Range, Papua New Guinea | Tungurahua, Ecuador

Ongoing Activity: | Galeras, Colombia | Karymsky, Russia | Kilauea, USA | Manam,
Papua New Guinea | Semeru, Indonesia | Soufriere Hills, Montserrat | St. Helens,
USA Suwanose-jima, Japan | Tengger Caldera, Indonesia | Ubinas, Perú

 

 

New Activity/Unrest

 

 

BAMUS New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea 5.20°S, 151.23°E; summit elev. 2248
m; All times are local (= UTC + 10 hours)

 

RVO reported that white vapor emissions from Bamus were observed during
1000-1130 on 12 July. The emissions were forceful and slightly gray in color at
1110. The vapor plume drifted SSE. 

 

Geologic Summary. Symmetrical 2248-m-high Bamus volcano, also referred to
locally as South Son, is located SW of Ulawun volcano, known as the North Son.
These two volcanoes are the highest in the 1000-km-long Bismarck volcanic arc.
The andesitic Bamus stratovolcano is draped by rainforest and contains a
breached summit crater filled with a lava dome. A satellitic cone is located on
the southern flank, and a prominent 1.5-km-wide crater with two small adjacent
cones is situated halfway up the SE flank. Young pyroclastic-flow deposits are
found on the volcano's flanks, and villagers describe an eruption that took
place during the late-19th century.

 

Source: Herman Patia, Rabaul Volcanological Observatory

 

Bamus Information from the Global Volcanism Program
http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0502-11=

 

 

KARANGETANG [Api Siau]  Siau Island, Indonesia 2.47°N, 125.29°E; summit elev.
1,784 m

 

The Alert Status of Karangetang was raised on 13 July from 2 to 3 (on a scale of
1-4) due to increased eruptive activity. On 12 July, lava flows were observed
moving E toward the Kahetang and Batu Awang rivers at a maximum distance of 2 km
from the vent. White emissions reached a height of 600 m above the crater (7,800
ft a.s.l.).

 

Geologic Summary. Karangetang (also known as Api Siau) lies at the northern end
of the island of Siau, N of Sulawesi. The 1,784-m-high stratovolcano contains
five summit craters along a N-S line. One of Indonesia's most active volcanoes,
Karangetang has had more than 40 recorded eruptions since 1675.
Twentieth-century eruptions have included frequent explosions, sometimes
accompanied by pyroclastic flows and lahars. 

 

Source: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)
http://portal.vsi.esdm.go.id/joomla/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1

 

Karangetang Information from the Global Volcanism Program
http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0607-02=

 

 

MAYON southeastern Luzon, Philippines 13.257°N, 123.685°E; summit elev. 2,462 m

 

Phreatic eruptions at Mayon on 13 July produced ash that fell up to
approximately 5.3 km NE in Calbayog, Malilipot. The Alert Level was raised from
1 to 3 (scale is 0-5, 0 referring to No Alert status) after observers reported
lava flows on the SE slopes, the predominant direction for lava flows and
rockfalls. On 16 July, a danger zone 6 km from the summit was extended to 7 km
in the SE area. Incandescent material was shed from an 800 m long lava flow
moving SSE towards Bonga gully on 16 and 17 July. On 18 July, PHIVOLCS reported
that the lava flow reached 1 km in length and incandescent boulders rolled 3 km
towards the Bonga gully.

 

Geologic Summary. The beautifully symmetrical Mayon volcano, which rises to
2,462 m above the Albay Gulf, is the Philippines' most active volcano. The
structurally simple volcano has steep upper slopes that average 35-40° and is
capped by a small summit crater. The historical eruptions of this
basaltic-andesitic volcano date back to 1616 and range from Strombolian to
basaltic Plinian. Eruptions occur predominately from the central conduit and
have also produced lava flows that travel far down the flanks. Pyroclastic flows
and mudflows have commonly swept down many of the approximately 40 ravines that
radiate from the summit and have often devastated populated lowland areas.
Mayon's most violent eruption, in 1814, killed more than 1,200 people and
devastated several towns. Eruptions that began in February 2000 led PHIVOLCS to
recommend on 23 February the evacuation of people within a radius of 7 km from
the summit in the SE and within a 6 km radius for the rest of the volcano. 

 

Sources: PHIVOLCS http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/news/mayon71706.html,

Manila Standard Today
http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=regions02_july14_2006, 

AP http://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/ap/2006/07/14/ap2880283.html, 

AP/Sunnex http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/net/2006/07/16/mayon.volcano.erupts..html

 

Mayon Information from the Global Volcanism Program

http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0703-03= 

 

 

MERAPI  central Java, Indonesia 7.542°S, 110.442°E; summit elev. 2,947 m 

 

During 12-18 July, active lava flows at Merapi reached a maximum distance of 2
km SE along the Gendol River. Gas plumes were also observed daily and reached
heights of 1 km above the crater (13,000 ft a.s.l.). On 17 July, CVGHM reported
that the Alert Level was lowered to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) in all remaining areas
previously at Alert Level 4 (S slopes). Pyroclastic flows were not observed
during the reporting period. 

 

Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in one
of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape
immediately N of the major city of Yogyakarta. The steep-sided modern Merapi
edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent eruptive activity, was
constructed to the SW of an arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang
volcano. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the
steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated and inhabited
lands on the volcano's western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities
during historical time. The volcano is the object of extensive monitoring
efforts by the Merapi Volcano Observatory.

 

Source: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)
http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/portal/html/index.php

 

Merapi Information from the Global Volcanism Program 

http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0603-25=

 

 

SULU RANGE New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea 5.50°S, 150.942°E

 

The RVO reported that seismic activity from the Sulu Range continued at a high
level during 13-15 July. No emissions were reported during this period.
According to news reports, on 16 July disaster officials in Papua New Guinea
evacuated three villages and moved 1,400 people to camps outside of the hazard
zone. 

 

Geologic Summary. The Sulu Range consists of a group of partially overlapping
small stratovolcanoes in west-central New Britain off Bangula Bay.   The 610-m
Mount Malopu forms the high point of the basaltic-to-rhyolitic complex at its SW
end.  Lava Point forms a peninsula extending about 1 km into Bangula Bay at the
NW side of the Sulu Range.  The Walo hydrothermal area, consisting of solfataras
and mud pots, lies on the coastal plain west of the SW base of the Sulu Range. 
Prior to 2006, no historical eruptions had occurred from the Sulu Range,
although some of the cones display a relatively undissected morphology.

 

Sources: Herman Patia and Steve Saunders, Rabaul Volcano Observatory, 

Association of American Publishers

http://www9.sbs.com.au/theworldnews/region.php?id=130254&region=2

 

 

TUNGURAHUA Ecuador 1.47°S, 78.44°W; summit elev. 5,023 m

 

During 12-18 July, eruptive activity at Tungurahua increased. Incandescent
blocks rolled 500 m down the flanks and steam emissions with moderate ash
content reached heights of 300 m above the crater (17,500 ft a.s.l.) during
11-13 July. On 14 July, a large eruption generated ash clouds that reached
heights of 15 km above the summit (66,000 ft a.s.l.). The plume expanded in
multiple directions and then drifted predominantly W, SW, and E.  Ash
accumulated to a maximum thickness of 15 mm in Pillate, about 7 km to the W. At
least five pyroclastic flows, the first since 1999, traveled N and NW. The
resulting deposits were up to 8 m thick and 20 m wide. At least four lava flows
were also observed. Over 3,700 people from seven small villages near the volcano
evacuated to nearby towns. On 15 and 16 July, multiple pyroclastic flows reached
the area of Cusúa, approximately 7 km NW of the summit. Explosions and
pyroclastic flows generated ash clouds that reached heights of 6 km above the
volcano (36,200 ft a.s.l.). On 17 July, eruption columns with high ash content
reached heights of 5 km above the summit (32,900 ft a.s.l.). On 18 July,
moderate explosions produced steam columns that reached maximum heights of 3 km
above the crater (26,300 ft a.s.l.).  A child died after ash inhalation
complicated a heart illness. 

 

Geologic Summary. The steep-sided Tungurahua stratovolcano towers more than 3 km
above its northern base. It sits ~140 km S of Quito, Ecuador's capital city, and
is one of Ecuador's most active volcanoes. Historical eruptions have been
restricted to the summit crater. They have been accompanied by strong explosions
and sometimes by pyroclastic flows and lava flows that reached populated areas
at the volcano's base. The last major eruption took place from 1916 to 1918,
although minor activity continued until 1925. The latest eruption began in
October 1999 and prompted temporary evacuation of the town of Baños on the N
side of the volcano.

 

Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Poltécnica Nacional
http://www.igepn.edu.ec/vulcanologia/tungurahua/actividad/informet.htm, 

Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center
http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/ARCHIVE/ANAT/2006E291935.html, 

Reuters
http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2006-07-16T004057Z_01_N15207928_RTRUKOC_0_UK-ECUADOR-VOLCANO.xml&archived=False,


Prensa Latina
http://www.plenglish.com/article.asp?ID=%7B353B9A38-F013-4878-9EC8-6E1D7F5F5F5B%7D&language=EN

 

Tungurahua Information from the Global Volcanism Program

http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1502-08=

 

 

Ongoing Activity 

 

GALERAS Colombia 1.22°N, 77.37°W; summit elev. 4,276 m

 

According to a news article, on 12 July the Colombian government ordered the
evacuation of ~10,000 people living near Galeras due to an increase in volcanic
activity. INGEOMINAS reported an increase in seismic activity and at least two
explosive eruptions. Ash accumulated about 10 km N and NE in the towns of La
Florida and Nariño and 5 km NE in the town of Genoy. The Alert Level was
increased from 2 (probable eruption in days to weeks) to 1 (eruption imminent or
occurring). On 13 July, due to a decrease in activity, the Alert Level was
lowered from 1 to 3 (changes in the behavior of volcanic activity have been
noted). Approximately 2,000 people had been taken to shelters.

 

Geologic Summary. Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located
immediately W of the city of Pasto, is one of Colombia's most frequently active
volcanoes. The dominantly andesitic Galeras volcanic complex has been active for
more than 1 million years, and two major caldera collapse eruptions took place
during the late Pleistocene. Long-term extensive hydrothermal alteration has
affected the volcano. This has contributed to large-scale edifice collapse that
has occurred on at least three occasions, producing debris avalanches that swept
to the W and left a large horseshoe-shaped caldera inside which the modern cone
has been constructed. Major explosive eruptions since the mid Holocene have
produced widespread tephra deposits and pyroclastic flows that swept all but the
southern flanks. A central cone slightly lower than the caldera rim has been the
site of numerous small-to-moderate historical eruptions since the time of the
Spanish conquistadors. 

 

Sources: Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería
http://www.ingeominas.gov.co/tmsingeominas/ModuloPublicacionPortal/PublicacionPortal.asp,


Reuters http://today.reuters.com/News/CrisesArticle.aspx?storyId=N12302107, 

Sapa-AP
http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=122&art_id=qw1152824943911R131, 

BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5176234.stm

 

Galeras Information from the Global Volcanism Program
http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1501-08= 

 

 

KARYMSKY Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia 54.05°N, 159.43°E; summit elev. 1,536 m

 

Activity at Karymsky continued during 8-14 July, with 250-1000 shallow
earthquakes occurring daily. Based on interpretations of seismic data, ash
plumes reached altitudes of 5 km (16,400 ft) a.s.l. A thermal anomaly in the
crater was observed on 9 July. Karymsky remained at Concern Color Code Orange
<http://www.avo.alaska.edu/color_codes.php>.

 

Geologic Summary. Karymsky, the most active volcano of Kamchatka's eastern
volcanic zone, is a symmetrical stratovolcano constructed within a 5-km-wide
caldera that formed about 7,600-7,700 radiocarbon years ago. Construction of the
Karymsky stratovolcano began about 2,000 years later. The latest eruptive period
began about 500 years ago, following a 2,300-year quiescence. Much of the cone
is mantled by lava flows less than 200 years old. Historical eruptions have been
Vulcanian or Vulcanian-Strombolian with moderate explosive activity and
occasional lava flows from the summit crater. Most seismicity preceding Karymsky
eruptions has originated beneath Akademia Nauk caldera, which is located
immediately S of Karymsky volcano and erupted simultaneously with Karymsky in 1996.

 

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team
http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/updates.shtml 

 

Karymsky Information from the Global Volcanism Program
http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1000-13=  

 

 

KILAUEA Hawaii, USA 19.43°N, 155.29°W; summit elev. 1,222 m

 

During 14-18 July, small areas of incandescence were observed from Kilauea's
Campout flow on Pulama pali. Lava continued to flow off of a lava delta into the
ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Seismicity levels were low at the summit and
moderate at Pu`u `O`o.

 

Geologic Summary. Kilauea, one of five coalescing volcanoes that comprise the
island of Hawaii, is one of the world's most active volcanoes. Eruptions at
Kilauea originate primarily from the summit caldera or along one of the lengthy
E and SW rift zones that extend from the caldera to the sea. About 90% of the
surface of Kilauea is formed by lava flows less than about 1,100 years old; 70%
of the volcano's surface is younger than 600 years. The latest Kilauea eruption
began in January 1983 along the E rift zone. This long-term ongoing eruption
from Pu`u `O`o-Kupaianaha has produced lava flows that have traveled 11-12 km
from the vents to the sea, paving about 104 km2 of land on the S flank of
Kilauea and building more than 200 hectares of new land. 

 

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/update.html

 

Kilauea information from the Global Volcanism Program 

http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1302-01-

 

 

MANAM offshore New Guinea, Papua New Guinea 4.10°S, 145.06°E; summit elev. 1,807 m

 

According to the Darwin VAAC, a pilot reported that an ash cloud from Manam
reached altitudes of 4.6 km (15,000 ft) a.s.l. on 17 July and drifted N. Ash was
not visible on satellite imagery due to local cloud cover. 

 

Geologic Summary. The 10-km-wide island of Manam is one of Papua New Guinea's
most active volcanoes. Four large radial valleys extend from the unvegetated
summit of the conical 1,807-m-high stratovolcano to its lower flanks. These
"avalanche valleys," regularly spaced 90 degrees apart, channel lava flows and
pyroclastic avalanches that have sometimes reached the coast. Five satellitic
centers are located near the island's shoreline. Two summit craters are present;
both are active, although most historical eruptions have originated from the
southern crater, concentrating eruptive products during the past century into
the SE avalanche valley. Frequent historical eruptions have been recorded since
1616. 

 

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Center
http://www.bom.gov.au/products/IDD41300.shtml

 

Manam Information from the Global Volcanism Program
http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0501-02= 

 

 

SEMERU Java, Indonesia 8.11°S, 112.92°E; summit elev. 3,676 m

 

Eruption plumes from Semeru were visible on satellite imagery on 14 July
drifting SE at unknown altitudes.  On 17 July plumes reached altitudes of 4.3 km
(14,000 ft) a.s.l.

 

Geologic Summary. Semeru is the highest volcano on Java and one of its most
active. The symmetrical stratovolcano rises abruptly to 3,676 m above coastal
plains to the S and lies at the southern end of a volcanic massif extending N to
the Tengger caldera. Semeru has been in almost continuous eruption since 1967.
Frequent small-to-moderate Vulcanian eruptions have accompanied intermittent
lava dome extrusion, and periodic pyroclastic flows and lahars have damaged
villages below the volcano. A major secondary lahar on 14 May 1981 caused more
than 250 deaths and damaged 16 villages.

 

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Center
http://www.bom.gov.au/info/vaac/advisories.shtml

 

Semeru Information from the Global Volcanism Program

http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0603-30= 

 

SOUFRIÈRE HILLS Montserrat, West Indies 16.72°N, 62.18°W; summit elev. 1,052 m

 

According to the Washington VAAC, the Montserrat Volcano Observatory reported a
pyroclastic flow from Soufrière Hills on 13 July that reached the sea and
produced an ash plume to an altitude of 2.4 km (8,000 ft) a.s.l.  

 

Geologic Summary. The complex dominantly andesitic Soufrière Hills volcano
occupies the southern half of the island of Montserrat. The summit area consists
primarily of a series of lava domes emplaced along an ESE-trending zone. 
English's Crater, a 1-km-wide crater breached widely to the east, was formed
during an eruption about 4000 years ago in which the summit collapsed, producing
a large submarine debris avalanche.  Block-and-ash flow and surge deposits
associated with dome growth predominate in flank deposits at Soufrière Hills. 
Non-eruptive seismic swarms occurred at 30-year intervals in the 20th century,
but with the exception of a 17th-century eruption that produced the Castle Peak
lava dome, no historical eruptions were recorded on Montserrat until 1995. 
Long-term small-to-moderate ash eruptions beginning in that year were later
accompanied by lava-dome growth and pyroclastic flows that forced evacuation of
the southern half of the island and ultimately destroyed the capital city of
Plymouth, causing major social and economic disruption.

 

Source: Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/ARCHIVE/ANAT/2006E291935.html

 

Soufrière Hills Information from the Global Volcanism Program
http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1600-05=

 

 

ST. HELENS Washington, USA 46.20°N, 122.18°W; summit elev. 2,549 m; All times
are local (= UTC - 8 hours [or 7 hours early April- late October])

 

During 12-18 July, the lava dome at Mount St. Helens continued to grow and
produce small rockfalls. On 18 July at 0956, a M 3.6 earthquake (one of the
largest earthquakes during the ongoing eruption) triggered rockfalls from the
spine and crater walls. Dust plumes rose above the crater rim and quickly
dissipated. The hazard status remained at Volcano Advisory (Alert Level 2);
aviation color code Orange.

 

Geologic Summary. Prior to 1980, Mount St. Helens formed a conical, youthful
volcano sometimes known as the Fuji-san of America.  During the 1980 eruption
the upper 400 m of the summit was removed by slope failure, leaving a 2 x 3.5 km
horseshoe-shaped crater now partially filled by a lava dome.  Mount St. Helens
was formed during nine eruptive periods beginning about 40-50,000 years ago, and
has been the most active volcano in the Cascade Range during the Holocene.  The
modern edifice was constructed during the last 2,200 years, when the volcano
produced basaltic as well as andesitic and dacitic products from summit and
flank vents.  Historical eruptions in the 19th century originated from the Goat
Rocks area on the N flank, and were witnessed by early settlers.

 

Source: US Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/CurrentActivity/framework.html 

 

St. Helens Information from the Global Volcanism Program 

http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1201-05- 

 

 

SUWANOSE-JIMA Ryukyu Islands, Japan 29.53°N, 129.72°E; summit elev. 799 m

 

A pilot observed an ash plume from Suwanose-jima on 16 July that reached an
altitude of 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N. Ash was not visible on
satellite imagery. 

 

Geologic Summary. The 8-km-long, spindle-shaped island of Suwanose-jima in the
northern Ryukyu Islands consists of an andesitic stratovolcano with two
historically active summit craters. Only about 50 persons live on the sparsely
populated island. The summit of the volcano is truncated by a large breached
crater extending to the sea on the E flank that was formed by edifice collapse.
Suwanose-jima, one of Japan's most frequently active volcanoes, was in a state
of intermittent strombolian activity from On-take, the NE summit crater, that
began in 1949 and lasted nearly a half century. The largest historical eruption
took place in 1813-14, when thick scoria deposits blanketed residential areas,
after which the island was uninhabited for around 70 years. The SW crater
produced lava flows that reached the western coast in 1813, and lava flows
reached the eastern coast of the island in 1884.

 

Source: Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center
http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/OTH/JP/messages.html 

 

Suwanose-jima Information from the Global Volcanism Program

http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0802-03= 

 

 

TENGGER CALDERA Java, Indonesia 7.942°S, 112.950°E; summit elev. 2,329 m 

 

A small plume from Tengger Caldera was visible on a satellite image on 14 July.
No ash was detected. 

 

Geologic Summary. The 16-km-wide Tengger caldera in eastern Java occupies the
northern end of a volcanic massif extending from Semeru volcano. The massive
Tengger volcanic complex consists of five overlapping stratovolcanoes, each
truncated by a caldera. The most recent is the 9 x 10 km wide Sandsea caldera,
which formed incrementally during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. An
overlapping cluster of post-caldera cones was constructed on the floor of the
Sandsea caldera within the past several thousand years. The youngest of these is
Bromo, one of Java's most frequently visited and most active volcanoes. More
than 50 mild-to-moderate explosive eruptions have occurred there since 1804. 

 

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Center
http://www.bom.gov.au/info/vaac/advisories.shtml

 

Tengger Caldera Information from the Global Volcanism Program
http://www.volcano.si.edu/gvp/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0603-31= 

 

 

UBINAS  Perú 16.355°S, 70.903°W; summit elev. 5,672 m

 

According to the Buenos Aires VAAC, ash clouds from Ubinas were visible on
satellite imagery during 14-15 July and reached altitudes of 5.5 km (18,000 ft)
a.s.l.  On 17 July, a pilot reported ash clouds that also reached altitudes of
5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. 

 

Geologic Summary. A small, 1.2-km-wide caldera that cuts the top of Ubinas,
Peru's most active volcano, gives it a truncated appearance. Ubinas is the
northernmost of three young volcanoes located along a regional structural
lineament about 50 km behind the main volcanic front of Peru. The upper slopes
of the stratovolcano, composed primarily of Pleistocene andesitic lava flows,
steepen to nearly 45 degrees. The steep-walled, 150-m-deep summit caldera
contains an ash cone with a 500-m-wide funnel-shaped vent that is 200 m deep.
Debris-avalanche deposits from the collapse of the SE flank of Ubinas extend 10
km from the volcano. Widespread plinian pumice-fall deposits from Ubinas include
some of Holocene age. Holocene lava flows are visible on the volcano's flanks,
but historical activity, documented since the 16th century, has consisted of
intermittent minor explosive eruptions. 

 

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center
http://www.bom.gov.au/products/Volc_ash_recent.shtml

 

Ubinas Information from the Global Volcanism Program
http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1504-02

 

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Sally S. Kuhn

Global Volcanism Program

Smithsonian Institution

National Museum of Natural History MRC-119

Department of Mineral Sciences

Washington, D.C., 20560

 

http://www.volcano.si.edu/ <http://www.volcano.si.edu/> 

Phone: 202.633.1805 
Fax: 202.357.2476
<http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/usgs/> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 

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