There is value in ensuring that manual page sections use consistently
named sections, as far as possible, and also that sections have a
consistent order within manual pages. This is one of a series of patches
to place manual page sections in a consistent order.
In this patch, we ensure that the NOTES, HISTORY, BUGS, and EXAMPLE
sections are always placed near the end of the page, just above
AUTHORS, COPYRIGHT, SEE ALSO, and AVAILABILITY.
One page is not fixed by this patch: term-utils/agetty.8. This page
is a mess of unusual section names, and probably requires an individual
edit.
Testing that no gross editing mistake (causing accidental loss or addition
of text) was performed as follows:
$ cat $(grep '\.SH' -l $(find . -name '*.[1-9]') |sort) | sort > a
[Apply patch]
$ cat $(grep '\.SH' -l $(find . -name '*.[1-9]') |sort) | sort > b
$ diff a b
$ echo $?
0
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@xxxxxxxxx>
---
disk-utils/mkswap.8 | 8 +++---
disk-utils/raw.8 | 8 +++---
disk-utils/sfdisk.8 | 18 ++++++------
lib/terminal-colors.d.5 | 48 +++++++++++++++----------------
login-utils/last.1 | 8 +++---
login-utils/lslogins.1 | 6 ++--
misc-utils/cal.1 | 4 +--
misc-utils/findmnt.8 | 22 +++++++-------
misc-utils/kill.1 | 34 +++++++++++-----------
misc-utils/logger.1 | 8 +++---
misc-utils/look.1 | 14 ++++-----
misc-utils/lsblk.8 | 26 ++++++++---------
misc-utils/mcookie.1 | 4 +--
misc-utils/rename.1 | 64 ++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
misc-utils/whereis.1 | 24 ++++++++--------
schedutils/ionice.1 | 6 ++--
sys-utils/flock.1 | 26 ++++++++---------
sys-utils/fstab.5 | 8 +++---
sys-utils/ipcs.1 | 38 ++++++++++++------------
sys-utils/losetup.8 | 6 ++--
sys-utils/mount.8 | 8 +++---
sys-utils/prlimit.1 | 8 +++---
sys-utils/readprofile.8 | 50 ++++++++++++++++----------------
sys-utils/renice.1 | 16 +++++------
sys-utils/swapon.8 | 26 ++++++++---------
sys-utils/tunelp.8 | 8 +++---
term-utils/script.1 | 38 ++++++++++++------------
text-utils/col.1 | 12 ++++----
text-utils/colcrt.1 | 20 ++++++-------
text-utils/column.1 | 48 +++++++++++++++----------------
text-utils/hexdump.1 | 8 +++---
text-utils/ul.1 | 8 +++---
32 files changed, 315 insertions(+), 315 deletions(-)
diff --git a/disk-utils/mkswap.8 b/disk-utils/mkswap.8
index d464341ef..81ad133b4 100644
--- a/disk-utils/mkswap.8
+++ b/disk-utils/mkswap.8
@@ -99,6 +99,10 @@ Display help text and exit.
.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
Display version information and exit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
+enables libblkid debug output.
+
.SH NOTES
The maximum useful size of a swap area depends on the architecture and
the kernel version.
@@ -136,10 +140,6 @@ about
.B the swap file use restrictions
(holes, preallocation and copy-on-write issues).
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR fdisk (8),
.BR swapon (8)
diff --git a/disk-utils/raw.8 b/disk-utils/raw.8
index fcf996c5b..ba9fd256a 100644
--- a/disk-utils/raw.8
+++ b/disk-utils/raw.8
@@ -75,6 +75,10 @@ Display help text and exit.
\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
Display version information and exit.
+.SH NOTES
+Rather than using raw devices applications should prefer
+.BR open (2)
+devices, such as /dev/sda1, with the O_DIRECT flag.
.SH BUGS
The Linux
.BR dd (1)
@@ -88,10 +92,6 @@ device buffer cache. If you use raw I/O to overwrite data already in
the buffer cache, the buffer cache will no longer correspond to the
contents of the actual storage device underneath. This is deliberate,
but is regarded either a bug or a feature depending on who you ask!
-.SH NOTES
-Rather than using raw devices applications should prefer
-.BR open (2)
-devices, such as /dev/sda1, with the O_DIRECT flag.
.SH AUTHORS
Stephen Tweedie (sct@xxxxxxxxxx)
.SH AVAILABILITY
diff --git a/disk-utils/sfdisk.8 b/disk-utils/sfdisk.8
index 4859fc9c2..5cccfa70c 100644
--- a/disk-utils/sfdisk.8
+++ b/disk-utils/sfdisk.8
@@ -601,15 +601,6 @@ The warning messages.
.B welcome
The welcome message.
-.SH NOTES
-Since version 2.26 \fBsfdisk\fR no longer provides the \fB\-R\fR or
-\fB\-\-re\-read\fR option to force the kernel to reread the partition table.
-Use \fBblockdev \-\-rereadpt\fR instead.
-.PP
-Since version 2.26 \fBsfdisk\fR does not provide the \fB\-\-DOS\fR, \fB\-\-IBM\fR, \fB\-\-DOS\-extended\fR,
-\fB\-\-unhide\fR, \fB\-\-show\-extended\fR, \fB\-\-cylinders\fR, \fB\-\-heads\fR, \fB\-\-sectors\fR,
-\fB\-\-inside\-outer\fR, \fB\-\-not\-inside\-outer\fR options.
-
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.IP SFDISK_DEBUG=all
enables sfdisk debug output.
@@ -620,6 +611,15 @@ enables libblkid debug output.
.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
enables libsmartcols debug output.
+.SH NOTES
+Since version 2.26 \fBsfdisk\fR no longer provides the \fB\-R\fR or
+\fB\-\-re\-read\fR option to force the kernel to reread the partition table.
+Use \fBblockdev \-\-rereadpt\fR instead.
+.PP
+Since version 2.26 \fBsfdisk\fR does not provide the \fB\-\-DOS\fR, \fB\-\-IBM\fR, \fB\-\-DOS\-extended\fR,
+\fB\-\-unhide\fR, \fB\-\-show\-extended\fR, \fB\-\-cylinders\fR, \fB\-\-heads\fR, \fB\-\-sectors\fR,
+\fB\-\-inside\-outer\fR, \fB\-\-not\-inside\-outer\fR options.
+
.SH AUTHORS
Karel Zak <kzak@xxxxxxxxxx>
.PP
diff --git a/lib/terminal-colors.d.5 b/lib/terminal-colors.d.5
index 73dff6a47..4714bf505 100644
--- a/lib/terminal-colors.d.5
+++ b/lib/terminal-colors.d.5
@@ -50,30 +50,6 @@ or
.I $HOME/.config/terminal-colors.d
overrides the global setting.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-Disable colors for all compatible utilities:
-.RS
-.br
-.B "touch /etc/terminal-colors.d/disable"
-.br
-.RE
-
-Disable colors for all compatible utils on a vt100 terminal:
-.RS
-.br
-.B "touch /etc/terminal-colors.d/@vt100.disable"
-.br
-.RE
-
-Disable colors for all compatible utils except dmesg(1):
-.RS
-.br
-.B "touch /etc/terminal-colors.d/disable"
-.sp
-.B "touch /etc/terminal-colors.d/dmesg.enable"
-.br
-.RE
-
.SH DEFAULT SCHEME FILES FORMAT
The following statement is recognized:
@@ -180,6 +156,30 @@ a comment.
.IP TERMINAL_COLORS_DEBUG=all
enables debug output.
+.SH EXAMPLE
+Disable colors for all compatible utilities:
+.RS
+.br
+.B "touch /etc/terminal-colors.d/disable"
+.br
+.RE
+
+Disable colors for all compatible utils on a vt100 terminal:
+.RS
+.br
+.B "touch /etc/terminal-colors.d/@vt100.disable"
+.br
+.RE
+
+Disable colors for all compatible utils except dmesg(1):
+.RS
+.br
+.B "touch /etc/terminal-colors.d/disable"
+.sp
+.B "touch /etc/terminal-colors.d/dmesg.enable"
+.br
+.RE
+
.SH COMPATIBILITY
The terminal-colors.d functionality is currently supported by all util-linux
utilities which provides colorized output. For more details always see the
diff --git a/login-utils/last.1 b/login-utils/last.1
index bd632a7bb..4ce2774b2 100644
--- a/login-utils/last.1
+++ b/login-utils/last.1
@@ -167,6 +167,10 @@ tomorrow (time is set to 00:00:00)
+5min
-5days
.TE
+.SH FILES
+/var/log/wtmp
+.br
+/var/log/btmp
.SH NOTES
The files
.I wtmp
@@ -178,10 +182,6 @@ files to be used, they can be created with a simple
.BR touch (1)
command (for example,
.IR "touch /var/log/wtmp" ).
-.SH FILES
-/var/log/wtmp
-.br
-/var/log/btmp
.SH AUTHORS
.MT miquels@xxxxxxxxxx
Miquel van Smoorenburg
diff --git a/login-utils/lslogins.1 b/login-utils/lslogins.1
index 3ca9162eb..123f61ccf 100644
--- a/login-utils/lslogins.1
+++ b/login-utils/lslogins.1
@@ -122,9 +122,6 @@ Display the users' security context.
\fB\-z\fR, \fB\-\-print0\fR
Delimit user entries with a nul character, instead of a newline.
-.SH NOTES
-The default UID thresholds are read from /etc/login.defs.
-
.SH EXIT STATUS
.TP
0
@@ -135,6 +132,9 @@ if incorrect arguments specified,
.TP
2
if a serious error occurs (e.g., a corrupt log).
+.SH NOTES
+The default UID thresholds are read from /etc/login.defs.
+
.SH HISTORY
The \fBlslogins\fP utility is inspired by the \fBlogins\fP utility, which first appeared in FreeBSD 4.10.
.SH AUTHORS
diff --git a/misc-utils/cal.1 b/misc-utils/cal.1
index f1b97193f..ac606b355 100644
--- a/misc-utils/cal.1
+++ b/misc-utils/cal.1
@@ -219,6 +219,8 @@ Implicit coloring can be disabled as follows:
See
.BR terminal-colors.d (5)
for more details about colorization configuration.
+.SH HISTORY
+A cal command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
.SH BUGS
.PP
The default
@@ -229,8 +231,6 @@ October 1582, are not implemented.
.PP
Alternative calendars, such as the Umm al-Qura, the Solar Hijri, the Ge'ez,
or the lunisolar Hindu, are not supported.
-.SH HISTORY
-A cal command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
.SH AVAILABILITY
The cal command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
diff --git a/misc-utils/findmnt.8 b/misc-utils/findmnt.8
index 3e49c5be1..128793451 100644
--- a/misc-utils/findmnt.8
+++ b/misc-utils/findmnt.8
@@ -260,6 +260,17 @@ It's possible to specify source (device) or target (mountpoint) to filter mount
.TP
.B \-\-verbose
Force findmnt to print more information (\fB\-\-verify\fP only for now).
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.IP LIBMOUNT_FSTAB=<path>
+overrides the default location of the fstab file
+.IP LIBMOUNT_MTAB=<path>
+overrides the default location of the mtab file
+.IP LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
+enables libmount debug output
+.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
+enables libsmartcols debug output
+.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on
+use visible padding characters. Requires enabled LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG.
.SH EXAMPLE
.IP "\fBfindmnt \-\-fstab \-t nfs\fP"
Prints all NFS filesystems defined in
@@ -285,17 +296,6 @@ Monitors mount, unmount, remount and move on /mnt/foo.
Waits for /mnt/foo unmount.
.IP "\fBfindmnt \-\-poll=remount \-t ext3 \-O ro\fP"
Monitors remounts to read-only mode on all ext3 filesystems.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LIBMOUNT_FSTAB=<path>
-overrides the default location of the fstab file
-.IP LIBMOUNT_MTAB=<path>
-overrides the default location of the mtab file
-.IP LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
-enables libmount debug output
-.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
-enables libsmartcols debug output
-.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on
-use visible padding characters. Requires enabled LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG.
.SH AUTHORS
.nf
Karel Zak <kzak@xxxxxxxxxx>
diff --git a/misc-utils/kill.1 b/misc-utils/kill.1
index 7f542ce0a..6fd50036d 100644
--- a/misc-utils/kill.1
+++ b/misc-utils/kill.1
@@ -147,6 +147,23 @@ Example. Send signals QUIT, TERM and KILL in sequence and wait for 1000
milliseconds between the signals
.br
kill \-\-verbose \-\-timeout 1000 TERM \-\-timeout 1000 KILL \-\-signal QUIT 12345
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.B kill
+has the following exit status values:
+.PP
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B 0
+success
+.TP
+.B 1
+failure
+.TP
+.B 64
+partial success (when more than one process specified)
+.PD
+.RE
.SH NOTES
Although it is possible to specify the TID (thread ID, see
.BR gettid (2))
@@ -171,23 +188,6 @@ preferred in relation to the
executable described by this manual. Easiest way to ensure one is executing
the executable is to use full path when calling the command, for example:
.B "/bin/kill \-\-version"
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-.B kill
-has the following exit status values:
-.PP
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B 0
-success
-.TP
-.B 1
-failure
-.TP
-.B 64
-partial success (when more than one process specified)
-.PD
-.RE
.SH AUTHORS
.MT svalente@xxxxxxx
Salvatore Valente
diff --git a/misc-utils/logger.1 b/misc-utils/logger.1
index 6c3d94d62..6dd53705d 100644
--- a/misc-utils/logger.1
+++ b/misc-utils/logger.1
@@ -345,16 +345,16 @@ l l.
.PP
For the priority order and intended purposes of these facilities and levels, see
.BR syslog (3).
+.SH CONFORMING TO
+The
+.B logger
+command is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 ("POSIX.2") compatible.
.SH EXAMPLE
.B logger System rebooted
.br
.B logger \-p local0.notice \-t HOSTIDM \-f /dev/idmc
.br
.B logger \-n loghost.example.com System rebooted
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-The
-.B logger
-command is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 ("POSIX.2") compatible.
.SH AUTHORS
The
.B logger
diff --git a/misc-utils/look.1 b/misc-utils/look.1
index 539e9f6a1..d33139e98 100644
--- a/misc-utils/look.1
+++ b/misc-utils/look.1
@@ -94,13 +94,6 @@ The
.B look
utility exits 0 if one or more lines were found and displayed, 1 if
no lines were found, and >1 if an error occurred.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-.RS
-.nf
-sort \-d /etc/passwd \-o /tmp/look.dict
-look \-t: root:foobar /tmp/look.dict
-.nf
-.RE
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.TP
.B WORDLIST
@@ -115,6 +108,13 @@ the alternative dictionary
The
.B look
utility appeared in Version 7 AT&T Unix.
+.SH EXAMPLE
+.RS
+.nf
+sort \-d /etc/passwd \-o /tmp/look.dict
+look \-t: root:foobar /tmp/look.dict
+.nf
+.RE
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR grep (1),
.BR sort (1)
diff --git a/misc-utils/lsblk.8 b/misc-utils/lsblk.8
index 76c64b625..3da4e2e19 100644
--- a/misc-utils/lsblk.8
+++ b/misc-utils/lsblk.8
@@ -167,19 +167,6 @@ command is issued. The specified directory is the system root of the Linux
instance to be inspected. The real device nodes in the target directory can
be replaced by text files with udev attributes.
-.SH NOTES
-For partitions, some information (e.g., queue attributes) is inherited from the
-parent device.
-.PP
-The
-.B lsblk
-command needs to be able to look up each block device by major:minor numbers,
-which is done by using
-.IR /sys/dev/block .
-This sysfs block directory appeared in kernel 2.6.27 (October 2008).
-In case of problems with a new enough kernel, check that CONFIG_SYSFS
-was enabled at the time of the kernel build.
-
.SH EXIT STATUS
.IP 0
success
@@ -201,6 +188,19 @@ enables libmount debug output.
enables libsmartcols debug output.
.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on
use visible padding characters. Requires enabled LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG.
+.SH NOTES
+For partitions, some information (e.g., queue attributes) is inherited from the
+parent device.
+.PP
+The
+.B lsblk
+command needs to be able to look up each block device by major:minor numbers,
+which is done by using
+.IR /sys/dev/block .
+This sysfs block directory appeared in kernel 2.6.27 (October 2008).
+In case of problems with a new enough kernel, check that CONFIG_SYSFS
+was enabled at the time of the kernel build.
+
.SH AUTHORS
.nf
Milan Broz <mbroz@xxxxxxxxxx>
diff --git a/misc-utils/mcookie.1 b/misc-utils/mcookie.1
index d907a79aa..fcb37edc5 100644
--- a/misc-utils/mcookie.1
+++ b/misc-utils/mcookie.1
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ Display version information and exit.
.TP
.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
Display help text and exit.
-.SH BUGS
-It is assumed that none of the randomness sources will block.
.SH FILES
.I /dev/urandom
.br
.I /dev/random
+.SH BUGS
+It is assumed that none of the randomness sources will block.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR md5sum (1),
.BR X (7),
diff --git a/misc-utils/rename.1 b/misc-utils/rename.1
index 8067017f2..64c70f7e4 100644
--- a/misc-utils/rename.1
+++ b/misc-utils/rename.1
@@ -40,38 +40,6 @@ Display version information and exit.
.TP
.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
Display help text and exit.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-Given the files
-.IR foo1 ", ..., " foo9 ", " foo10 ", ..., " foo278 ,
-the commands
-.RS
-.PP
-.nf
-rename foo foo00 foo?
-rename foo foo0 foo??
-.fi
-.PP
-.RE
-will turn them into
-.IR foo001 ", ..., " foo009 ", " foo010 ", ..., " foo278 .
-And
-.RS
-.PP
-.nf
-rename .htm .html *.htm
-.fi
-.PP
-.RE
-will fix the extension of your html files.
-Provide an empty string for shortening:
-.RS
-.PP
-.nf
-rename '_with_long_name' '' file_with_long_name.*
-.fi
-.PP
-.RE
-will remove the substring in the filenames.
.SH WARNING
The renaming has no safeguards by default or without any one of the options
.B \-\-no-overwrite\fR,
@@ -116,6 +84,38 @@ nothing was renamed
unanticipated error occurred
.PD
.RE
+.SH EXAMPLE
+Given the files
+.IR foo1 ", ..., " foo9 ", " foo10 ", ..., " foo278 ,
+the commands
+.RS
+.PP
+.nf
+rename foo foo00 foo?
+rename foo foo0 foo??
+.fi
+.PP
+.RE
+will turn them into
+.IR foo001 ", ..., " foo009 ", " foo010 ", ..., " foo278 .
+And
+.RS
+.PP
+.nf
+rename .htm .html *.htm
+.fi
+.PP
+.RE
+will fix the extension of your html files.
+Provide an empty string for shortening:
+.RS
+.PP
+.nf
+rename '_with_long_name' '' file_with_long_name.*
+.fi
+.PP
+.RE
+will remove the substring in the filenames.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR mv (1)
.SH AVAILABILITY
diff --git a/misc-utils/whereis.1 b/misc-utils/whereis.1
index dee143f99..8da51d8e9 100644
--- a/misc-utils/whereis.1
+++ b/misc-utils/whereis.1
@@ -131,18 +131,6 @@ Display help text and exit.
.TP
\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
Display version information and exit.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-To find all files in
-.I /usr/\:bin
-which are not documented
-in
-.I /usr/\:man/\:man1
-or have no source in
-.IR /usr/\:src :
-.IP
-.B cd /usr/bin
-.br
-.B whereis \-u \-ms \-M /usr/man/man1 \-S /usr/src \-f *
.SH FILE SEARCH PATHS
By default
.B whereis
@@ -165,6 +153,18 @@ are displayed with
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.IP WHEREIS_DEBUG=all
enables debug output.
+.SH EXAMPLE
+To find all files in
+.I /usr/\:bin
+which are not documented
+in
+.I /usr/\:man/\:man1
+or have no source in
+.IR /usr/\:src :
+.IP
+.B cd /usr/bin
+.br
+.B whereis \-u \-ms \-M /usr/man/man1 \-S /usr/src \-f *
.SH AVAILABILITY
The whereis command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
diff --git a/schedutils/ionice.1 b/schedutils/ionice.1
index 0b2daba6c..415def55a 100644
--- a/schedutils/ionice.1
+++ b/schedutils/ionice.1
@@ -113,6 +113,9 @@ scheduling parameters.
.TP
.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
Display version information and exit.
+.SH NOTES
+Linux supports I/O scheduling priorities and classes since 2.6.13 with the CFQ
+I/O scheduler.
.SH EXAMPLE
.LP
.TP 7
@@ -127,9 +130,6 @@ Runs 'bash' as a best-effort program with highest priority.
# \fBionice\fP \-p 89 91
.TP 7
Prints the class and priority of the processes with PID 89 and 91.
-.SH NOTES
-Linux supports I/O scheduling priorities and classes since 2.6.13 with the CFQ
-I/O scheduler.
.SH AUTHORS
.nf
Jens Axboe <jens@xxxxxxxx>
diff --git a/sys-utils/flock.1 b/sys-utils/flock.1
index 0da5ea946..bea70c6be 100644
--- a/sys-utils/flock.1
+++ b/sys-utils/flock.1
@@ -124,6 +124,19 @@ Display version information and exit.
.TP
.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
Display help text and exit.
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+The command uses
+.B sysexits.h
+exit status values for everything, except when using either of the options
+.B \-n
+or
+.B \-w
+which report a failure to acquire the lock with a exit status given by the
+.B \-E
+option, or 1 by default.
+.PP
+When using the \fIcommand\fR variant, and executing the child worked, then
+the exit status is that of the child command.
.SH EXAMPLE
Note that "shell> " in examples is a command line prompt.
.TP
@@ -175,19 +188,6 @@ shell> flock -n 4
This form is convenient for locking a file without spawning a subprocess.
The shell opens the lock file for reading and writing as file descriptor 4,
then flock is used to lock the descriptor.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-The command uses
-.B sysexits.h
-exit status values for everything, except when using either of the options
-.B \-n
-or
-.B \-w
-which report a failure to acquire the lock with a exit status given by the
-.B \-E
-option, or 1 by default.
-.PP
-When using the \fIcommand\fR variant, and executing the child worked, then
-the exit status is that of the child command.
.SH AUTHORS
.UR hpa@xxxxxxxxx
H. Peter Anvin
diff --git a/sys-utils/fstab.5 b/sys-utils/fstab.5
index 9e73d4349..118df0d3d 100644
--- a/sys-utils/fstab.5
+++ b/sys-utils/fstab.5
@@ -216,6 +216,10 @@ parallelism available in the hardware.
Defaults to zero (don't fsck) if not present.
.RE
+.SH FILES
+.IR /etc/fstab ,
+.I <fstab.h>
+
.SH NOTES
The proper way to read records from
.B fstab
@@ -228,10 +232,6 @@ The keyword
.B ignore
as a filesystem type (3rd field) is no longer supported by the pure
libmount based mount utility (since util-linux v2.22).
-
-.SH FILES
-.IR /etc/fstab ,
-.I <fstab.h>
.SH HISTORY
The ancestor of this
.B fstab
diff --git a/sys-utils/ipcs.1 b/sys-utils/ipcs.1
index a7fcb540e..8fd1a33ef 100644
--- a/sys-utils/ipcs.1
+++ b/sys-utils/ipcs.1
@@ -75,25 +75,6 @@ Print sizes in bytes.
.TP
.B \-\-human
Print sizes in human-readable format.
-.SH NOTES
-The current implementation of
-.B ipcs
-obtains information about available IPC resources by parsing the files in
-.IR /proc/sysvipc .
-Before util-linux version v2.23, an alternate mechanism was used: the
-.BR IPC_STAT
-command of
-.BR msgctl (2),
-.BR semctl (2),
-and
-.BR shmctl (2).
-This mechanism is also used in later util-linux versions in the case where
-.I /proc
-is unavailable.
-A limitation of the
-.B IPC_STAT
-mechanism is that it can only be used to retrieve information about
-IPC resources for which the user has read permission.
.SH CONFORMING TO
The Linux ipcs utility is not fully compatible to the POSIX ipcs utility.
The Linux version does not support the POSIX
@@ -113,6 +94,25 @@ options not defined by POSIX. A portable application shall not use the
and
.B \-u
options.
+.SH NOTES
+The current implementation of
+.B ipcs
+obtains information about available IPC resources by parsing the files in
+.IR /proc/sysvipc .
+Before util-linux version v2.23, an alternate mechanism was used: the
+.BR IPC_STAT
+command of
+.BR msgctl (2),
+.BR semctl (2),
+and
+.BR shmctl (2).
+This mechanism is also used in later util-linux versions in the case where
+.I /proc
+is unavailable.
+A limitation of the
+.B IPC_STAT
+mechanism is that it can only be used to retrieve information about
+IPC resources for which the user has read permission.
.SH AUTHORS
.UR balasub@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Krishna Balasubramanian
diff --git a/sys-utils/losetup.8 b/sys-utils/losetup.8
index 6c4f603da..0db710449 100644
--- a/sys-utils/losetup.8
+++ b/sys-utils/losetup.8
@@ -186,6 +186,9 @@ loop block devices
.I /dev/loop-control
loop control device
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.IP LOOPDEV_DEBUG=all
+enables debug output.
.SH EXAMPLE
The following commands can be used as an example of using the loop device.
.nf
@@ -199,9 +202,6 @@ The following commands can be used as an example of using the loop device.
# umount /dev/loop0
# losetup \-\-detach /dev/loop0
.fi
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LOOPDEV_DEBUG=all
-enables debug output.
.SH AUTHORS
Karel Zak <kzak@xxxxxxxxxx>, based on the original version from
Theodore Ts'o <tytso@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
diff --git a/sys-utils/mount.8 b/sys-utils/mount.8
index 2ffbfe812..9a43672c6 100644
--- a/sys-utils/mount.8
+++ b/sys-utils/mount.8
@@ -2605,6 +2605,10 @@ enables libmount debug output
enables libblkid debug output
.IP LOOPDEV_DEBUG=all
enables loop device setup debug output
+.SH HISTORY
+A
+.B mount
+command existed in Version 5 AT&T UNIX.
.SH BUGS
It is possible for a corrupted filesystem to cause a crash.
.PP
@@ -2664,10 +2668,6 @@ the
command manually before calling
.B mount
with the configured loop device.
-.SH HISTORY
-A
-.B mount
-command existed in Version 5 AT&T UNIX.
.SH AUTHORS
.nf
Karel Zak <kzak@xxxxxxxxxx>
diff --git a/sys-utils/prlimit.1 b/sys-utils/prlimit.1
index 0f2b49f37..89933d90a 100644
--- a/sys-utils/prlimit.1
+++ b/sys-utils/prlimit.1
@@ -89,6 +89,10 @@ Maximum number of file locks held.
.IP "\fB\-y, \-\-rttime\fP[=\fIlimits\fR]"
Timeout for real-time tasks.
+.SH NOTES
+The prlimit system call is supported since Linux 2.6.36, older kernels will
+break this program.
+
.SH EXAMPLE
.IP "\fBprlimit \-\-pid 13134\fP"
Display limit values for all current resources.
@@ -103,10 +107,6 @@ processes to unlimited.
.IP "\fBprlimit \-\-cpu=10 sort \-u hugefile\fP"
Set both the soft and hard CPU time limit to ten seconds and run 'sort'.
-.SH NOTES
-The prlimit system call is supported since Linux 2.6.36, older kernels will
-break this program.
-
.SH AUTHORS
.nf
Davidlohr Bueso <dave@xxxxxxx> - In memory of Dennis M. Ritchie.
diff --git a/sys-utils/readprofile.8 b/sys-utils/readprofile.8
index 7b7b2ab41..c335644d7 100644
--- a/sys-utils/readprofile.8
+++ b/sys-utils/readprofile.8
@@ -90,6 +90,31 @@ Display version information and exit.
.TP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
Display help text and exit.
+.SH FILES
+.nf
+/proc/profile A binary snapshot of the profiling buffer.
+/usr/src/linux/System.map The symbol table for the kernel.
+/usr/src/linux/* The program being profiled :-)
+.fi
+.SH BUGS
+.LP
+.B readprofile
+only works with a 1.3.x or newer kernel, because
+.I /proc/profile
+changed in the step from 1.2 to 1.3
+.LP
+This program only works with ELF kernels. The change for a.out
+kernels is trivial, and left as an exercise to the a.out user.
+.LP
+To enable profiling, the kernel must be rebooted, because no
+profiling module is available, and it wouldn't be easy to build. To
+enable profiling, you can specify "profile=2" (or another number) on
+the kernel commandline. The number you specify is the two-exponent
+used as profiling step.
+.LP
+Profiling is disabled when interrupts are inhibited. This means that
+many profiling ticks happen when interrupts are re-enabled. Watch
+out for misleading information.
.SH EXAMPLE
Browse the profiling buffer ordering by clock ticks:
.nf
@@ -120,31 +145,6 @@ Request profiling at 2kHz per CPU, and reset the profiling buffer:
.nf
sudo readprofile \-M 20
.fi
-.SH BUGS
-.LP
-.B readprofile
-only works with a 1.3.x or newer kernel, because
-.I /proc/profile
-changed in the step from 1.2 to 1.3
-.LP
-This program only works with ELF kernels. The change for a.out
-kernels is trivial, and left as an exercise to the a.out user.
-.LP
-To enable profiling, the kernel must be rebooted, because no
-profiling module is available, and it wouldn't be easy to build. To
-enable profiling, you can specify "profile=2" (or another number) on
-the kernel commandline. The number you specify is the two-exponent
-used as profiling step.
-.LP
-Profiling is disabled when interrupts are inhibited. This means that
-many profiling ticks happen when interrupts are re-enabled. Watch
-out for misleading information.
-.SH FILES
-.nf
-/proc/profile A binary snapshot of the profiling buffer.
-/usr/src/linux/System.map The symbol table for the kernel.
-/usr/src/linux/* The program being profiled :-)
-.fi
.SH AVAILABILITY
The readprofile command is part of the util-linux package and is
available from
diff --git a/sys-utils/renice.1 b/sys-utils/renice.1
index cfba47ff8..99cc61f21 100644
--- a/sys-utils/renice.1
+++ b/sys-utils/renice.1
@@ -77,11 +77,10 @@ Display version information and exit.
.TP
.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
Display help text and exit.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-The following command would change the priority of the processes with
-PIDs 987 and 32, plus all processes owned by the users daemon and root:
+.SH FILES
.TP
-.B " renice" +1 987 \-u daemon root \-p 32
+.I /etc/passwd
+to map user names to user IDs
.SH NOTES
Users other than the superuser may only alter the priority of processes they
own. Furthermore, an unprivileged user can only
@@ -98,14 +97,15 @@ value in the range \-20 to 19.
Useful priorities are: 19 (the affected processes will run only when nothing
else in the system wants to), 0 (the ``base'' scheduling priority), anything
negative (to make things go very fast).
-.SH FILES
-.TP
-.I /etc/passwd
-to map user names to user IDs
.SH HISTORY
The
.B renice
command appeared in 4.0BSD.
+.SH EXAMPLE
+The following command would change the priority of the processes with
+PIDs 987 and 32, plus all processes owned by the users daemon and root:
+.TP
+.B " renice" +1 987 \-u daemon root \-p 32
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR nice (1),
.BR chrt (1),
diff --git a/sys-utils/swapon.8 b/sys-utils/swapon.8
index 157bbcd95..276e36e00 100644
--- a/sys-utils/swapon.8
+++ b/sys-utils/swapon.8
@@ -187,6 +187,19 @@ Be verbose.
.TP
.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
Display version information and exit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.IP LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
+enables libmount debug output.
+.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
+enables libblkid debug output.
+
+.SH FILES
+.br
+.I /dev/sd??
+standard paging devices
+.br
+.I /etc/fstab
+ascii filesystem description table
.SH NOTES
.SS Files with holes
The swap file implementation in the kernel expects to be able to write to the
@@ -220,19 +233,6 @@ automatically detects and rewrites a swap space signature with old software
suspend data (e.g., S1SUSPEND, S2SUSPEND, ...). The problem is that if we don't
do it, then we get data corruption the next time an attempt at unsuspending is
made.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
-enables libmount debug output.
-.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-
-.SH FILES
-.br
-.I /dev/sd??
-standard paging devices
-.br
-.I /etc/fstab
-ascii filesystem description table
.SH HISTORY
The
.B swapon
diff --git a/sys-utils/tunelp.8 b/sys-utils/tunelp.8
index 7716ba7e1..35287bc8b 100644
--- a/sys-utils/tunelp.8
+++ b/sys-utils/tunelp.8
@@ -102,6 +102,10 @@ later.
.TP
\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-print\-irq\fR \fI<on|off>\fR
This option sets printing the display of the current IRQ setting.
+.SH FILES
+.I /dev/lp?
+.br
+.I /proc/parport/*/*
.SH NOTES
.BR \-o ,
.BR \-C ,
@@ -111,10 +115,6 @@ all require a Linux kernel version of 1.1.76 or later.
.PP
.B \-C
requires a Linux version prior to 2.1.131.
-.SH FILES
-.I /dev/lp?
-.br
-.I /proc/parport/*/*
.SH AVAILABILITY
The tunelp command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
diff --git a/term-utils/script.1 b/term-utils/script.1
index 73ec27c2e..ce6b124a4 100644
--- a/term-utils/script.1
+++ b/term-utils/script.1
@@ -190,6 +190,25 @@ Display version information and exit.
.TP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
Display help text and exit.
+.SH SIGNALS
+Upon receiving
+.BR SIGUSR1 ,
+.B script
+immediately flushes the output files.
+.PP
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+The following environment variable is utilized by
+.BR script :
+.TP
+.B SHELL
+If the variable
+.B SHELL
+exists, the shell forked by
+.B script
+will be that shell. If
+.B SHELL
+is not set, the Bourne shell is assumed. (Most shells set this variable
+automatically).
.SH NOTES
The script ends when the forked shell exits (a
.I control-D
@@ -240,25 +259,6 @@ You should also avoid use of script in command pipes, as
.B script
can read more input than you would expect.
.PP
-.SH SIGNALS
-Upon receiving
-.BR SIGUSR1 ,
-.B script
-immediately flushes the output files.
-.PP
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-The following environment variable is utilized by
-.BR script :
-.TP
-.B SHELL
-If the variable
-.B SHELL
-exists, the shell forked by
-.B script
-will be that shell. If
-.B SHELL
-is not set, the Bourne shell is assumed. (Most shells set this variable
-automatically).
.SH HISTORY
The
.B script
diff --git a/text-utils/col.1 b/text-utils/col.1
index 322f0afe5..cdd5c02d1 100644
--- a/text-utils/col.1
+++ b/text-utils/col.1
@@ -85,6 +85,12 @@ Display version information and exit.
.TP
\fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
Display help text and exit.
+.SH CONFORMING TO
+The
+.B col
+utility conforms to the Single UNIX Specification, Version 2. The
+.B \-l
+option is an extension to the standard.
.SH NOTES
The control sequences for carriage motion that
.B col
@@ -137,12 +143,6 @@ character set is correct when they are output.
If the input attempts to back up to the last flushed line,
.B col
will display a warning message.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-The
-.B col
-utility conforms to the Single UNIX Specification, Version 2. The
-.B \-l
-option is an extension to the standard.
.SH HISTORY
A
.B col
diff --git a/text-utils/colcrt.1 b/text-utils/colcrt.1
index 5f8bf445b..90ded9577 100644
--- a/text-utils/colcrt.1
+++ b/text-utils/colcrt.1
@@ -66,14 +66,10 @@ Display version information and exit.
.TP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
Display help text and exit.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-A typical use of
+.SH HISTORY
+The
.B colcrt
-would be:
-.PP
-.RS
-.B tbl exum2.n \&| nroff \-ms \&| colcrt \- \&| more
-.RE
+command appeared in 3.0BSD.
.SH BUGS
Should fold underlines onto blanks even with the
.B '\-'
@@ -88,10 +84,14 @@ Lines are trimmed to 132 characters.
.PP
Some provision should be made for processing superscripts and subscripts in
documents which are already double-spaced.
-.SH HISTORY
-The
+.SH EXAMPLE
+A typical use of
.B colcrt
-command appeared in 3.0BSD.
+would be:
+.PP
+.RS
+.B tbl exum2.n \&| nroff \-ms \&| colcrt \- \&| more
+.RE
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR col (1),
.BR more (1),
diff --git a/text-utils/column.1 b/text-utils/column.1
index 23f582b37..e43d6fee4 100644
--- a/text-utils/column.1
+++ b/text-utils/column.1
@@ -126,28 +126,8 @@ Display help text and exit.
.SH ENVIRONMENT
The environment variable \fBCOLUMNS\fR is used to determine the size of
the screen if no other information is available.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-Print fstab with header line and align number to the right:
-.EX
-\fBsed 's/#.*//' /etc/fstab | column \-\-table \-\-table-columns SOURCE,TARGET,TYPE,OPTIONS,PASS,FREQ \-\-table-right PASS,FREQ\fR
-.EE
-.PP
-Print fstab and hide unnamed columns:
-.EX
-\fBsed 's/#.*//' /etc/fstab | column \-\-table \-\-table-columns SOURCE,TARGET,TYPE \-\-table-hide \-\fR
-.EE
-.PP
-
-.PP
-Print a tree:
-.EX
-\fBecho \-e '1 0 A\\n2 1 AA\\n3 1 AB\\n4 2 AAA\\n5 2 AAB' | column \-\-tree-id 1 \-\-tree-parent 2 \-\-tree 3\fR
-1 0 A
-2 1 |-AA
-4 2 | |-AAA
-5 2 | `-AAB
-3 1 `-AB
-.EE
+.SH HISTORY
+The column command appeared in 4.3BSD-Reno.
.SH BUGS
Version 2.23 changed the
.B \-s
@@ -177,8 +157,28 @@ has since been corrected (see above). Other implementations of
.B column
may continue to use the older documentation, but the behavior should be
identical in any case.
-.SH HISTORY
-The column command appeared in 4.3BSD-Reno.
+.SH EXAMPLE
+Print fstab with header line and align number to the right:
+.EX
+\fBsed 's/#.*//' /etc/fstab | column \-\-table \-\-table-columns SOURCE,TARGET,TYPE,OPTIONS,PASS,FREQ \-\-table-right PASS,FREQ\fR
+.EE
+.PP
+Print fstab and hide unnamed columns:
+.EX
+\fBsed 's/#.*//' /etc/fstab | column \-\-table \-\-table-columns SOURCE,TARGET,TYPE \-\-table-hide \-\fR
+.EE
+.PP
+
+.PP
+Print a tree:
+.EX
+\fBecho \-e '1 0 A\\n2 1 AA\\n3 1 AB\\n4 2 AAA\\n5 2 AAB' | column \-\-tree-id 1 \-\-tree-parent 2 \-\-tree 3\fR
+1 0 A
+2 1 |-AA
+4 2 | |-AAA
+5 2 | `-AAB
+3 1 `-AB
+.EE
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR colrm (1),
.BR ls (1),
diff --git a/text-utils/hexdump.1 b/text-utils/hexdump.1
index 4af4ffe0e..f5728f939 100644
--- a/text-utils/hexdump.1
+++ b/text-utils/hexdump.1
@@ -343,6 +343,10 @@ used between format units than in the default output).
.SH EXIT STATUS
.B hexdump
exits 0 on success and >0 if an error occurred.
+.SH CONFORMING TO
+The
+.B hexdump
+utility is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 ("POSIX.2") compatible.
.SH EXAMPLE
Display the input in perusal format:
.nf
@@ -369,10 +373,6 @@ Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file \fI/etc/terminal-colors.d/hex
See
.BR terminal-colors.d (5)
for more details about colorization configuration.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-The
-.B hexdump
-utility is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 ("POSIX.2") compatible.
.SH AVAILABILITY
The hexdump command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
diff --git a/text-utils/ul.1 b/text-utils/ul.1
index 7dc9ddd7b..860087593 100644
--- a/text-utils/ul.1
+++ b/text-utils/ul.1
@@ -90,15 +90,15 @@ or as set during the login process by the user in their
.B login
file (see
.BR setenv (3)).
+.SH HISTORY
+The
+.B ul
+command appeared in 3.0BSD.
.SH BUGS
.B nroff
usually outputs a series of backspaces and underlines intermixed with the
text to indicate underlining. No attempt is made to optimize the backward
motion.
-.SH HISTORY
-The
-.B ul
-command appeared in 3.0BSD.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR colcrt (1),
.BR login (1),
--
2.26.2
--
Michael Kerrisk
Linux man-pages maintainer; http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
Linux/UNIX System Programming Training: http://man7.org/training/
