Istvan, > https://linux-blog.anracom.com/2018/12/03/linux-ssd-partition-alignment-problems-with-external-usb-to-sata-controllers-i/ First of all, the ATA protocol can only express logical and physical block sizes. So the optimal I/O size is always 0 when a disk is connected via a "native" ATA controller. USB storage, however, is a SCSI protocol. In that configuration it is up to the USB bridge device to translate properties reported by the attached ATA device to the relevant fields in the SCSI protocol. And this is where several devices get it wrong (despite a fairly comprehensive document describing how each field should be translated). The SCSI block storage protocol permits reporting an optimal I/O size. Since there is no corresponding ATA parameter, it means that the value in your case inevitably comes from the USB bridge firmware. There is nothing to base this value on from the ATA device itself, so the bridge firmware authors either made it up or forgot to zero the field. As a result of reports similar to the one above, I added an additional heuristic to the SCSI disk driver code a while ago. The kernel will now reject a device-reported optimal transfer size if it is not a multiple of the physical block size. So in the buggy USB-SATA bridge case above the optimal transfer size should be reported to user space as 0 and therefore fdisk should align on a 4096-byte (physical block size) boundary. Note that this is somewhat orthogonal to your request about being able to override the reported values in fdisk. I just thought some of the text in the links you posted warranted clarification. The question is why your kernel does not have the patch adding this additional heuristic? -- Martin K. Petersen Oracle Linux Engineering
