I should have added that I am building a very stripped down image. These are the Debian packages that are being installed: linux-image-6.2.0 - locally built firmware-imx-epdc - locally built firmware-imx-sdma - locally built firmware-imx-vpu - locally built firmware-realtek - locally built busybox locales u-boot-image-mspmb-2017.11 - locally built u-boot-tools-mspmb-2017.11 - locally built dosfstools openssl libmbedtls12 gnutls-bin gdbserver socat fdisk nano ssh openvpn iwd iproute2 nftables net-tools usbutils iputils-ping dnsutils isc-dhcp-server hostapd bind9 wireless-tools wpasupplicant policykit-1 weston kbd xwayland mesa-utils libdrm-etnaviv1 chromium fonts-arphic-uming fonts-ipafont-mincho fonts-ipafont-gothic gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly v4l-utils kmod mono-runtime rng-tools cron I installed policykit-1 after my first request, but it didn’t help. Also, here is an excerpt from the journal: Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[1]: systemd-networkd.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 4. Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[1]: Stopped Network Service. Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[1]: Starting Network Service... Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[241]: systemd-networkd.service: Failed to execute /lib/systemd/systemd-networkd: Permission denied Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[241]: systemd-networkd.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /lib/systemd/systemd-networkd: Permission denied Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[1]: systemd-networkd.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=203/EXEC Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[1]: systemd-networkd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[1]: Failed to start Network Service. Is there some other package I need to install to get this to work? Robert Murrell Embedded Software Engineer STANLEY Assembly Technologies 2500 Meijer Dr., Troy, MI 48084 T 248-677-9740 Robert.Murrell@xxxxxxxxxx<mailto:Robert.Murrell@xxxxxxxxxx> | www.StanleyEngineeredFastening.com<http://www.stanleyengineeredfastening.com/> [http://esignature.stanleyblackanddecker.com/images/stanleyengineeredfastening.png] This email, including any attached files, is intended only for the person to whom or the entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from any computer. From: Murrell, Robert A. <Robert.Murrell@xxxxxxxxxx> Sent: Tuesday, February 6, 2024 4:44 PM To: systemd-devel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: Permissions problems with systemd-networkd and others. Greetings, I’m attempting to update one of our products from Debian Stretch with Linux kernel 4.14 to Debian Bullseye with Linux kernel 6.2.0. The target system is an ARM iMX6QP. I’ve managed to build the kernel from the old .config file. The image is built using ELBE builder and reprepro for local packages (not my choice). This has been a very steep learning experience and I’m sure I have more tweaking to do. I’m having a problem with systemd on startup. System-networkd fails to run with the following error: ● systemd-networkd.service - Network Service Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2023-06-18 14:56:02 UTC; 2h 42min ago TriggeredBy: ● systemd-networkd.socket Docs: man:systemd-networkd.service(8) Process: 233 ExecStart=/lib/systemd/systemd-networkd (code=exited, status=203/EXEC) Main PID: 233 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC) CPU: 109ms Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[1]: systemd-networkd.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 5. Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[1]: Stopped Network Service. Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[1]: systemd-networkd.service: Start request repeated too quickly. Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[1]: systemd-networkd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. Jun 18 14:56:02 mspmbsat systemd[1]: Failed to start Network Service. Systemd-resolvd and named have similar problems. Running the program manually (from root) gives me this error: ~# /lib/systemd/systemd-networkd Failed to open configuration file '/etc/systemd/networkd.conf': Permission denied Failed to parse configuration file: Permission denied Enumeration completed Networkd.conf has 644 permissions. I have noticed that systemd-networkd now has its own group systemd-network. I’ve tried doing several things like adding systemd-network to root group and vise-versa, setting permissions on all affected files and paths to 777 (undesirable), but I still can’t get it to run. I get a little farther, but ultimately end up wit a Permission denied error somewhere. 1. What do I need to do to get this working? 2. Why didn’t apt install properly configure it? I can supply the elbe build log if that might help. It is 2MB long. Robert Murrell Embedded Software Engineer STANLEY Assembly Technologies 2500 Meijer Dr., Troy, MI 48084 T 248-677-9740 Robert.Murrell@xxxxxxxxxx<mailto:Robert.Murrell@xxxxxxxxxx> | www.StanleyEngineeredFastening.com<http://www.stanleyengineeredfastening.com/> [http://esignature.stanleyblackanddecker.com/images/stanleyengineeredfastening.png] This email, including any attached files, is intended only for the person to whom or the entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from any computer. This message and any attachments may contain Stanley Black & Decker confidential information. 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