Hi, I am trying to sandbox processes that run via instantiated units and the DynamicUser feature seems like a nice solution. However, when I start several such units simultaneously, the dynamic UID, while random, is the same for all instances (see below). Is this expected behavior and is there any way to make UID different for each instance? For example: -----8<----- [root@hyena ~]# systemctl cat sleep@.service # /etc/systemd/system/sleep@.service [Unit] Description=A test unit After=network.target [Service] Type=simple DynamicUser=yes ExecStart=/usr/bin/sleep 180 [root@hyena ~]# systemctl start sleep@1.service [root@hyena ~]# systemctl start sleep@2.service [root@hyena ~]# ps auxwwn ... 65086 154271 0.0 0.0 5292 704 ? Ss 15:45 0:00 /usr/bin/sleep 180 65086 154274 0.0 0.0 5292 704 ? Ss 15:45 0:00 /usr/bin/sleep 180 ^^^^^ [root@hyena ~]# journalctl | tail ... Jan 21 15:45:53 hyena systemd[1]: Started A test unit. Jan 21 15:45:55 hyena systemd[1]: Started A test unit. ----->8----- Same applies to socket-activated services whose .socket unit has Accept=true. For example: -----8<----- [root@hyena ~]# systemctl cat convert.socket # /etc/systemd/system/convert.socket [Unit] Description=Convert Socket Conflicts=convert.service [Socket] ListenStream=15000 Accept=true [Install] WantedBy=sockets.target [root@hyena ~]# systemctl cat convert@.service # /etc/systemd/system/convert@.service [Unit] Description=A conversion program After=network.target [Service] Type=simple DynamicUser=yes StandardInput=socket ExecStart=/etc/systemd/scripts/convert.sh ----->8----- Thanks in advance, L. -- Leonid Isaev _______________________________________________ systemd-devel mailing list systemd-devel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx https://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel