Hi, As reported before[1], we found another regression in 6.1 when doing performance comparisons with 5.10. This one is caused by CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT being enabled by default by the following upstream commit if you have the right config dependencies enabled (commit is introduced in v5.16-rc1): """ commit c597bfddc9e9e8a63817252b67c3ca0e544ace26 Author: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@xxxxxxxxxx> Date: Tue Sep 14 12:31:34 2021 +0200 sched: Provide Kconfig support for default dynamic preempt mode """ We found up to 8% performance improvement with CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT disabled in different perf benchmarks (including UnixBench process creation and redis). The root cause is explained in the commit log below which is merged in 6.3 and applies (almost) clealy on 6.1.59. """ commit cc6003916ed46d7a67d91ee32de0f9138047d55f Author: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@xxxxxxxxx> Date: Sat Jan 21 12:39:42 2023 +0900 lib/Kconfig.debug: do not enable DEBUG_PREEMPT by default In workloads where this_cpu operations are frequently performed, enabling DEBUG_PREEMPT may result in significant increase in runtime overhead due to frequent invocation of __this_cpu_preempt_check() function. This can be demonstrated through benchmarks such as hackbench where this configuration results in a 10% reduction in performance, primarily due to the added overhead within memcg charging path. """ [1] https://lore.kernel.org/stable/010edf5a-453d-4c98-9c07-12e75d3f983c@xxxxxxxxxx/