From: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@xxxxxxxxx>
[ Upstream commit 71f656a50176915d6813751188b5758daa8d012b ]
Register range information is copied in several places. The intent is
to transfer range/id information from one register/stack spill to
another. Currently this is done using direct register assignment, e.g.:
static void find_equal_scalars(..., struct bpf_reg_state *known_reg)
{
...
struct bpf_reg_state *reg;
...
*reg = *known_reg;
...
}
However, such assignments also copy the following bpf_reg_state fields:
struct bpf_reg_state {
...
struct bpf_reg_state *parent;
...
enum bpf_reg_liveness live;
...
};
Copying of these fields is accidental and incorrect, as could be
demonstrated by the following example:
0: call ktime_get_ns()
1: r6 = r0
2: call ktime_get_ns()
3: r7 = r0
4: if r0 > r6 goto +1 ; r0 & r6 are unbound thus generated
; branch states are identical
5: *(u64 *)(r10 - 8) = 0xdeadbeef ; 64-bit write to fp[-8]
--- checkpoint ---
6: r1 = 42 ; r1 marked as written
7: *(u8 *)(r10 - 8) = r1 ; 8-bit write, fp[-8] parent & live
; overwritten
8: r2 = *(u64 *)(r10 - 8)
9: r0 = 0
10: exit
This example is unsafe because 64-bit write to fp[-8] at (5) is
conditional, thus not all bytes of fp[-8] are guaranteed to be set
when it is read at (8). However, currently the example passes
verification.
First, the execution path 1-10 is examined by verifier.
Suppose that a new checkpoint is created by is_state_visited() at (6).
After checkpoint creation:
- r1.parent points to checkpoint.r1,
- fp[-8].parent points to checkpoint.fp[-8].
At (6) the r1.live is set to REG_LIVE_WRITTEN.
At (7) the fp[-8].parent is set to r1.parent and fp[-8].live is set to
REG_LIVE_WRITTEN, because of the following code called in
check_stack_write_fixed_off():
static void save_register_state(struct bpf_func_state *state,
int spi, struct bpf_reg_state *reg,
int size)
{
...
state->stack[spi].spilled_ptr = *reg; // <--- parent & live copied
if (size == BPF_REG_SIZE)
state->stack[spi].spilled_ptr.live |= REG_LIVE_WRITTEN;
...
}
Note the intent to mark stack spill as written only if 8 bytes are
spilled to a slot, however this intent is spoiled by a 'live' field copy.
At (8) the checkpoint.fp[-8] should be marked as REG_LIVE_READ but
this does not happen:
- fp[-8] in a current state is already marked as REG_LIVE_WRITTEN;
- fp[-8].parent points to checkpoint.r1, parentage chain is used by
mark_reg_read() to mark checkpoint states.
At (10) the verification is finished for path 1-10 and jump 4-6 is
examined. The checkpoint.fp[-8] never gets REG_LIVE_READ mark and this
spill is pruned from the cached states by clean_live_states(). Hence
verifier state obtained via path 1-4,6 is deemed identical to one
obtained via path 1-6 and program marked as safe.
Note: the example should be executed with BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ flag
set to force creation of intermediate verifier states.
This commit revisits the locations where bpf_reg_state instances are
copied and replaces the direct copies with a call to a function
copy_register_state(dst, src) that preserves 'parent' and 'live'
fields of the 'dst'.
Fixes: 679c782de14b ("bpf/verifier: per-register parent pointers")
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@xxxxxxxxx>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230106142214.1040390-2-eddyz87@xxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 25 ++++++++++++++++++-------
1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -2274,13 +2274,24 @@ static bool __is_pointer_value(bool allo
return reg->type != SCALAR_VALUE;
}
+/* Copy src state preserving dst->parent and dst->live fields */
+static void copy_register_state(struct bpf_reg_state *dst, const struct bpf_reg_state *src)
+{
+ struct bpf_reg_state *parent = dst->parent;
+ enum bpf_reg_liveness live = dst->live;
+
+ *dst = *src;
+ dst->parent = parent;
+ dst->live = live;
+}
+
static void save_register_state(struct bpf_func_state *state,
int spi, struct bpf_reg_state *reg,
int size)
{
int i;
- state->stack[spi].spilled_ptr = *reg;
+ copy_register_state(&state->stack[spi].spilled_ptr, reg);
if (size == BPF_REG_SIZE)
state->stack[spi].spilled_ptr.live |= REG_LIVE_WRITTEN;
@@ -2608,7 +2619,7 @@ static int check_stack_read_fixed_off(st
*/
s32 subreg_def = state->regs[dst_regno].subreg_def;
- state->regs[dst_regno] = *reg;
+ copy_register_state(&state->regs[dst_regno], reg);
state->regs[dst_regno].subreg_def = subreg_def;
} else {
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
@@ -2635,7 +2646,7 @@ static int check_stack_read_fixed_off(st
if (dst_regno >= 0) {
/* restore register state from stack */
- state->regs[dst_regno] = *reg;
+ copy_register_state(&state->regs[dst_regno], reg);
/* mark reg as written since spilled pointer state likely
* has its liveness marks cleared by is_state_visited()
* which resets stack/reg liveness for state transitions
@@ -5896,7 +5907,7 @@ do_sim:
*/
if (!ptr_is_dst_reg) {
tmp = *dst_reg;
- *dst_reg = *ptr_reg;
+ copy_register_state(dst_reg, ptr_reg);
}
ret = sanitize_speculative_path(env, NULL, env->insn_idx + 1,
env->insn_idx);
@@ -7150,7 +7161,7 @@ static int check_alu_op(struct bpf_verif
* to propagate min/max range.
*/
src_reg->id = ++env->id_gen;
- *dst_reg = *src_reg;
+ copy_register_state(dst_reg, src_reg);
dst_reg->live |= REG_LIVE_WRITTEN;
dst_reg->subreg_def = DEF_NOT_SUBREG;
} else {
@@ -7161,7 +7172,7 @@ static int check_alu_op(struct bpf_verif
insn->src_reg);
return -EACCES;
} else if (src_reg->type == SCALAR_VALUE) {
- *dst_reg = *src_reg;
+ copy_register_state(dst_reg, src_reg);
/* Make sure ID is cleared otherwise
* dst_reg min/max could be incorrectly
* propagated into src_reg by find_equal_scalars()
@@ -7981,7 +7992,7 @@ static void find_equal_scalars(struct bp
bpf_for_each_reg_in_vstate(vstate, state, reg, ({
if (reg->type == SCALAR_VALUE && reg->id == known_reg->id)
- *reg = *known_reg;
+ copy_register_state(reg, known_reg);
}));
}
