From: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@xxxxxxxxx>
commit 9a32a7e78bd0cd9a9b6332cbdc345ee5ffd0c5de upstream.
IBM Power9 processors can speculatively operate on data in the L1 cache before
it has been completely validated, via a way-prediction mechanism. It is not possible
for an attacker to determine the contents of impermissible memory using this method,
since these systems implement a combination of hardware and software security measures
to prevent scenarios where protected data could be leaked.
However these measures don't address the scenario where an attacker induces
the operating system to speculatively execute instructions using data that the
attacker controls. This can be used for example to speculatively bypass "kernel
user access prevention" techniques, as discovered by Anthony Steinhauser of
Google's Safeside Project. This is not an attack by itself, but there is a possibility
it could be used in conjunction with side-channels or other weaknesses in the
privileged code to construct an attack.
This issue can be mitigated by flushing the L1 cache between privilege boundaries
of concern. This patch flushes the L1 cache after user accesses.
This is part of the fix for CVE-2020-4788.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@xxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
.../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 4 +
.../powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/kup-radix.h | 22 +++++
arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h | 9 +++
arch/powerpc/include/asm/kup.h | 4 +
arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h | 3 +
arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h | 1 +
arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S | 81 ++++++-------------
arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c | 62 ++++++++++++++
arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 7 ++
arch/powerpc/lib/feature-fixups.c | 50 ++++++++++++
arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/setup.c | 10 ++-
arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/setup.c | 4 +
12 files changed, 198 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/kup-radix.h
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index 28d8f46a3596..ea422ec7c507 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -2447,6 +2447,7 @@
tsx_async_abort=off [X86]
kvm.nx_huge_pages=off [X86]
no_entry_flush [PPC]
+ no_uaccess_flush [PPC]
Exceptions:
This does not have any effect on
@@ -2801,6 +2802,9 @@
nospec_store_bypass_disable
[HW] Disable all mitigations for the Speculative Store Bypass vulnerability
+ no_uaccess_flush
+ [PPC] Don't flush the L1-D cache after accessing user data.
+
noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/kup-radix.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/kup-radix.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aa54ac2e5659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/kup-radix.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_64_KUP_RADIX_H
+#define _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_64_KUP_RADIX_H
+
+DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(uaccess_flush_key);
+
+/* Prototype for function defined in exceptions-64s.S */
+void do_uaccess_flush(void);
+
+static __always_inline void allow_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
+ unsigned long size)
+{
+}
+
+static inline void prevent_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
+ unsigned long size)
+{
+ if (static_branch_unlikely(&uaccess_flush_key))
+ do_uaccess_flush();
+}
+
+#endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_64_KUP_RADIX_H */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h
index e282e8146c9d..745c017b8de6 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h
@@ -203,6 +203,14 @@ label##3: \
FTR_ENTRY_OFFSET 955b-956b; \
.popsection;
+#define UACCESS_FLUSH_FIXUP_SECTION \
+959: \
+ .pushsection __uaccess_flush_fixup,"a"; \
+ .align 2; \
+960: \
+ FTR_ENTRY_OFFSET 959b-960b; \
+ .popsection;
+
#define ENTRY_FLUSH_FIXUP_SECTION \
957: \
.pushsection __entry_flush_fixup,"a"; \
@@ -246,6 +254,7 @@ extern long stf_barrier_fallback;
extern long entry_flush_fallback;
extern long __start___stf_entry_barrier_fixup, __stop___stf_entry_barrier_fixup;
extern long __start___stf_exit_barrier_fixup, __stop___stf_exit_barrier_fixup;
+extern long __start___uaccess_flush_fixup, __stop___uaccess_flush_fixup;
extern long __start___entry_flush_fixup, __stop___entry_flush_fixup;
extern long __start___rfi_flush_fixup, __stop___rfi_flush_fixup;
extern long __start___barrier_nospec_fixup, __stop___barrier_nospec_fixup;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kup.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kup.h
index 7895d5eeaf21..f0f8e36ad71f 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kup.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kup.h
@@ -6,10 +6,14 @@
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
+#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64
+#include <asm/book3s/64/kup-radix.h>
+#else
static inline void allow_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
unsigned long size) { }
static inline void prevent_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
unsigned long size) { }
+#endif /* CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64 */
static inline void allow_read_from_user(const void __user *from, unsigned long size)
{
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h
index 082b56bf678d..3b45a64e491e 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h
@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ static inline bool security_ftr_enabled(unsigned long feature)
// The L1-D cache should be flushed when entering the kernel
#define SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY 0x0000000000004000ull
+// The L1-D cache should be flushed after user accesses from the kernel
+#define SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_UACCESS 0x0000000000008000ull
// Features enabled by default
#define SEC_FTR_DEFAULT \
@@ -94,6 +96,7 @@ static inline bool security_ftr_enabled(unsigned long feature)
SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_PR | \
SEC_FTR_BNDS_CHK_SPEC_BAR | \
SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY | \
+ SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_UACCESS | \
SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY)
#endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_SECURITY_FEATURES_H */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h
index 02dfa8b1147e..6750ad3cd3b1 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ void setup_barrier_nospec(void);
#else
static inline void setup_barrier_nospec(void) { };
#endif
+void do_uaccess_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types);
void do_entry_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types);
void do_barrier_nospec_fixups(bool enable);
extern bool barrier_nospec_enabled;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S b/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S
index 2712331190af..b313628966ad 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S
@@ -1459,11 +1459,8 @@ TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(stf_barrier_fallback)
.endr
blr
-TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(entry_flush_fallback)
- std r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13)
- std r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
- std r11,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R11(r13)
- mfctr r9
+/* Clobbers r10, r11, ctr */
+.macro L1D_DISPLACEMENT_FLUSH
ld r10,PACA_RFI_FLUSH_FALLBACK_AREA(r13)
ld r11,PACA_L1D_FLUSH_SIZE(r13)
srdi r11,r11,(7 + 3) /* 128 byte lines, unrolled 8x */
@@ -1489,7 +1486,14 @@ TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(entry_flush_fallback)
ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*7(r10)
addi r10,r10,0x80*8
bdnz 1b
+.endm
+TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(entry_flush_fallback)
+ std r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13)
+ std r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
+ std r11,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R11(r13)
+ mfctr r9
+ L1D_DISPLACEMENT_FLUSH
mtctr r9
ld r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13)
ld r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
@@ -1505,32 +1509,7 @@ TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(rfi_flush_fallback)
std r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
std r11,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R11(r13)
mfctr r9
- ld r10,PACA_RFI_FLUSH_FALLBACK_AREA(r13)
- ld r11,PACA_L1D_FLUSH_SIZE(r13)
- srdi r11,r11,(7 + 3) /* 128 byte lines, unrolled 8x */
- mtctr r11
- DCBT_STOP_ALL_STREAM_IDS(r11) /* Stop prefetch streams */
-
- /* order ld/st prior to dcbt stop all streams with flushing */
- sync
-
- /*
- * The load adresses are at staggered offsets within cachelines,
- * which suits some pipelines better (on others it should not
- * hurt).
- */
-1:
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*0(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*1(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*2(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*3(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*4(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*5(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*6(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*7(r10)
- addi r10,r10,0x80*8
- bdnz 1b
-
+ L1D_DISPLACEMENT_FLUSH
mtctr r9
ld r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13)
ld r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
@@ -1548,32 +1527,7 @@ TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(hrfi_flush_fallback)
std r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
std r11,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R11(r13)
mfctr r9
- ld r10,PACA_RFI_FLUSH_FALLBACK_AREA(r13)
- ld r11,PACA_L1D_FLUSH_SIZE(r13)
- srdi r11,r11,(7 + 3) /* 128 byte lines, unrolled 8x */
- mtctr r11
- DCBT_STOP_ALL_STREAM_IDS(r11) /* Stop prefetch streams */
-
- /* order ld/st prior to dcbt stop all streams with flushing */
- sync
-
- /*
- * The load adresses are at staggered offsets within cachelines,
- * which suits some pipelines better (on others it should not
- * hurt).
- */
-1:
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*0(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*1(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*2(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*3(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*4(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*5(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*6(r10)
- ld r11,(0x80 + 8)*7(r10)
- addi r10,r10,0x80*8
- bdnz 1b
-
+ L1D_DISPLACEMENT_FLUSH
mtctr r9
ld r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13)
ld r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
@@ -1582,6 +1536,19 @@ TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(hrfi_flush_fallback)
GET_SCRATCH0(r13);
hrfid
+USE_TEXT_SECTION()
+
+_GLOBAL(do_uaccess_flush)
+ UACCESS_FLUSH_FIXUP_SECTION
+ nop
+ nop
+ nop
+ blr
+ L1D_DISPLACEMENT_FLUSH
+ blr
+_ASM_NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(do_uaccess_flush)
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_uaccess_flush)
+
/*
* Real mode exceptions actually use this too, but alternate
* instruction code patches (which end up in the common .text area)
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c
index 62a3c2e5d918..a1eec409695e 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c
@@ -793,8 +793,12 @@ static enum l1d_flush_type enabled_flush_types;
static void *l1d_flush_fallback_area;
static bool no_rfi_flush;
static bool no_entry_flush;
+static bool no_uaccess_flush;
bool rfi_flush;
bool entry_flush;
+bool uaccess_flush;
+DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(uaccess_flush_key);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(uaccess_flush_key);
static int __init handle_no_rfi_flush(char *p)
{
@@ -812,6 +816,14 @@ static int __init handle_no_entry_flush(char *p)
}
early_param("no_entry_flush", handle_no_entry_flush);
+static int __init handle_no_uaccess_flush(char *p)
+{
+ pr_info("uaccess-flush: disabled on command line.");
+ no_uaccess_flush = true;
+ return 0;
+}
+early_param("no_uaccess_flush", handle_no_uaccess_flush);
+
/*
* The RFI flush is not KPTI, but because users will see doco that says to use
* nopti we hijack that option here to also disable the RFI flush.
@@ -855,6 +867,20 @@ void entry_flush_enable(bool enable)
entry_flush = enable;
}
+void uaccess_flush_enable(bool enable)
+{
+ if (enable) {
+ do_uaccess_flush_fixups(enabled_flush_types);
+ static_branch_enable(&uaccess_flush_key);
+ on_each_cpu(do_nothing, NULL, 1);
+ } else {
+ static_branch_disable(&uaccess_flush_key);
+ do_uaccess_flush_fixups(L1D_FLUSH_NONE);
+ }
+
+ uaccess_flush = enable;
+}
+
static void __ref init_fallback_flush(void)
{
u64 l1d_size, limit;
@@ -909,6 +935,15 @@ void setup_entry_flush(bool enable)
entry_flush_enable(enable);
}
+void setup_uaccess_flush(bool enable)
+{
+ if (cpu_mitigations_off())
+ return;
+
+ if (!no_uaccess_flush)
+ uaccess_flush_enable(enable);
+}
+
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
static int rfi_flush_set(void *data, u64 val)
{
@@ -962,10 +997,37 @@ static int entry_flush_get(void *data, u64 *val)
DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE(fops_entry_flush, entry_flush_get, entry_flush_set, "%llu\n");
+static int uaccess_flush_set(void *data, u64 val)
+{
+ bool enable;
+
+ if (val == 1)
+ enable = true;
+ else if (val == 0)
+ enable = false;
+ else
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ /* Only do anything if we're changing state */
+ if (enable != uaccess_flush)
+ uaccess_flush_enable(enable);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int uaccess_flush_get(void *data, u64 *val)
+{
+ *val = uaccess_flush ? 1 : 0;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE(fops_uaccess_flush, uaccess_flush_get, uaccess_flush_set, "%llu\n");
+
static __init int rfi_flush_debugfs_init(void)
{
debugfs_create_file("rfi_flush", 0600, powerpc_debugfs_root, NULL, &fops_rfi_flush);
debugfs_create_file("entry_flush", 0600, powerpc_debugfs_root, NULL, &fops_entry_flush);
+ debugfs_create_file("uaccess_flush", 0600, powerpc_debugfs_root, NULL, &fops_uaccess_flush);
return 0;
}
device_initcall(rfi_flush_debugfs_init);
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
index 6c3cd47bdb81..efb9a6982561 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -140,6 +140,13 @@ SECTIONS
__stop___stf_entry_barrier_fixup = .;
}
+ . = ALIGN(8);
+ __uaccess_flush_fixup : AT(ADDR(__uaccess_flush_fixup) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
+ __start___uaccess_flush_fixup = .;
+ *(__uaccess_flush_fixup)
+ __stop___uaccess_flush_fixup = .;
+ }
+
. = ALIGN(8);
__entry_flush_fixup : AT(ADDR(__entry_flush_fixup) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
__start___entry_flush_fixup = .;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/lib/feature-fixups.c b/arch/powerpc/lib/feature-fixups.c
index d21c05bc94a0..6ebc3c9e7abb 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/lib/feature-fixups.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/lib/feature-fixups.c
@@ -232,6 +232,56 @@ void do_stf_barrier_fixups(enum stf_barrier_type types)
do_stf_exit_barrier_fixups(types);
}
+void do_uaccess_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types)
+{
+ unsigned int instrs[4], *dest;
+ long *start, *end;
+ int i;
+
+ start = PTRRELOC(&__start___uaccess_flush_fixup);
+ end = PTRRELOC(&__stop___uaccess_flush_fixup);
+
+ instrs[0] = 0x60000000; /* nop */
+ instrs[1] = 0x60000000; /* nop */
+ instrs[2] = 0x60000000; /* nop */
+ instrs[3] = 0x4e800020; /* blr */
+
+ i = 0;
+ if (types == L1D_FLUSH_FALLBACK) {
+ instrs[3] = 0x60000000; /* nop */
+ /* fallthrough to fallback flush */
+ }
+
+ if (types & L1D_FLUSH_ORI) {
+ instrs[i++] = 0x63ff0000; /* ori 31,31,0 speculation barrier */
+ instrs[i++] = 0x63de0000; /* ori 30,30,0 L1d flush*/
+ }
+
+ if (types & L1D_FLUSH_MTTRIG)
+ instrs[i++] = 0x7c12dba6; /* mtspr TRIG2,r0 (SPR #882) */
+
+ for (i = 0; start < end; start++, i++) {
+ dest = (void *)start + *start;
+
+ pr_devel("patching dest %lx\n", (unsigned long)dest);
+
+ patch_instruction(dest, instrs[0]);
+
+ patch_instruction((dest + 1), instrs[1]);
+ patch_instruction((dest + 2), instrs[2]);
+ patch_instruction((dest + 3), instrs[3]);
+ }
+
+ printk(KERN_DEBUG "uaccess-flush: patched %d locations (%s flush)\n", i,
+ (types == L1D_FLUSH_NONE) ? "no" :
+ (types == L1D_FLUSH_FALLBACK) ? "fallback displacement" :
+ (types & L1D_FLUSH_ORI) ? (types & L1D_FLUSH_MTTRIG)
+ ? "ori+mttrig type"
+ : "ori type" :
+ (types & L1D_FLUSH_MTTRIG) ? "mttrig type"
+ : "unknown");
+}
+
void do_entry_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types)
{
unsigned int instrs[3], *dest;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/setup.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/setup.c
index 28cb14a26503..0693fd16e2c9 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/setup.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/setup.c
@@ -126,10 +126,12 @@ static void pnv_setup_rfi_flush(void)
/*
* If we are non-Power9 bare metal, we don't need to flush on kernel
- * entry: it fixes a P9 specific vulnerability.
+ * entry or after user access: they fix a P9 specific vulnerability.
*/
- if (!pvr_version_is(PVR_POWER9))
+ if (!pvr_version_is(PVR_POWER9)) {
security_ftr_clear(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY);
+ security_ftr_clear(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_UACCESS);
+ }
enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) && \
(security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_PR) || \
@@ -141,6 +143,10 @@ static void pnv_setup_rfi_flush(void)
enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) &&
security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY);
setup_entry_flush(enable);
+
+ enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) &&
+ security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_UACCESS);
+ setup_uaccess_flush(enable);
}
static void __init pnv_setup_arch(void)
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/setup.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/setup.c
index 5e58b0cf92df..ab85fac02c04 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/setup.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/setup.c
@@ -548,6 +548,10 @@ void pseries_setup_rfi_flush(void)
enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) &&
security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY);
setup_entry_flush(enable);
+
+ enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) &&
+ security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_UACCESS);
+ setup_uaccess_flush(enable);
}
static void __init pSeries_setup_arch(void)
--
2.25.1
