From: Johannes Weiner <hannes@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: mm: vmscan: fix IO/refault regression in cache workingset transition
Since 59dc76b0d4df ("mm: vmscan: reduce size of inactive file list") we
noticed bigger IO spikes during changes in cache access patterns.
The patch in question shrunk the inactive list size to leave more room for
the current workingset in the presence of streaming IO. However,
workingset transitions that previously happened on the inactive list are
now pushed out of memory and incur more refaults to complete.
This patch disables active list protection when refaults are being
observed. This accelerates workingset transitions, and allows more of the
new set to establish itself from memory, without eating into the ability
to protect the established workingset during stable periods.
The workloads that were measurably affected for us were hit pretty bad
by it, with refault/majfault rates doubling and tripling during cache
transitions, and the machines sustaining half-hour periods of 100% IO
utilization, where they'd previously have sub-minute peaks at 60-90%.
Stateful services that handle user data tend to be more conservative
with kernel upgrades. As a result we hit most page cache issues with
some delay, as was the case here.
The severity seemed to warrant a stable tag.
Fixes: 59dc76b0d4df ("mm: vmscan: reduce size of inactive file list")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170404220052.27593-1-hannes@xxxxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@xxxxxxxx>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: <stable@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> [4.7+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/memcontrol.h | 64 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
include/linux/mmzone.h | 2
mm/memcontrol.c | 24 ++------
mm/vmscan.c | 94 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
mm/workingset.c | 7 ++
5 files changed, 150 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-)
diff -puN include/linux/memcontrol.h~mm-vmscan-fix-io-refault-regression-in-cache-workingset-transition include/linux/memcontrol.h
--- a/include/linux/memcontrol.h~mm-vmscan-fix-io-refault-regression-in-cache-workingset-transition
+++ a/include/linux/memcontrol.h
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ enum mem_cgroup_stat_index {
MEMCG_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE,
MEMCG_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE,
MEMCG_SOCK,
+ MEMCG_WORKINGSET_REFAULT,
+ MEMCG_WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE,
+ MEMCG_WORKINGSET_NODERECLAIM,
MEMCG_NR_STAT,
};
@@ -495,6 +498,40 @@ extern int do_swap_account;
void lock_page_memcg(struct page *page);
void unlock_page_memcg(struct page *page);
+static inline unsigned long mem_cgroup_read_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+ enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx)
+{
+ long val = 0;
+ int cpu;
+
+ for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+ val += per_cpu(memcg->stat->count[idx], cpu);
+
+ if (val < 0)
+ val = 0;
+
+ return val;
+}
+
+static inline void mem_cgroup_update_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+ enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx, int val)
+{
+ if (!mem_cgroup_disabled())
+ this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->count[idx], val);
+}
+
+static inline void mem_cgroup_inc_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+ enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx)
+{
+ mem_cgroup_update_stat(memcg, idx, 1);
+}
+
+static inline void mem_cgroup_dec_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+ enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx)
+{
+ mem_cgroup_update_stat(memcg, idx, -1);
+}
+
/**
* mem_cgroup_update_page_stat - update page state statistics
* @page: the page
@@ -509,14 +546,14 @@ void unlock_page_memcg(struct page *page
* if (TestClearPageState(page))
* mem_cgroup_update_page_stat(page, state, -1);
* unlock_page(page) or unlock_page_memcg(page)
+ *
+ * Kernel pages are an exception to this, since they'll never move.
*/
static inline void mem_cgroup_update_page_stat(struct page *page,
enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx, int val)
{
- VM_BUG_ON(!(rcu_read_lock_held() || PageLocked(page)));
-
if (page->mem_cgroup)
- this_cpu_add(page->mem_cgroup->stat->count[idx], val);
+ mem_cgroup_update_stat(page->mem_cgroup, idx, val);
}
static inline void mem_cgroup_inc_page_stat(struct page *page,
@@ -741,6 +778,27 @@ static inline bool mem_cgroup_oom_synchr
return false;
}
+static inline unsigned long mem_cgroup_read_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+ enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void mem_cgroup_update_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+ enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx, int val)
+{
+}
+
+static inline void mem_cgroup_inc_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+ enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx)
+{
+}
+
+static inline void mem_cgroup_dec_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+ enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx)
+{
+}
+
static inline void mem_cgroup_update_page_stat(struct page *page,
enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx,
int nr)
diff -puN include/linux/mmzone.h~mm-vmscan-fix-io-refault-regression-in-cache-workingset-transition include/linux/mmzone.h
--- a/include/linux/mmzone.h~mm-vmscan-fix-io-refault-regression-in-cache-workingset-transition
+++ a/include/linux/mmzone.h
@@ -225,6 +225,8 @@ struct lruvec {
struct zone_reclaim_stat reclaim_stat;
/* Evictions & activations on the inactive file list */
atomic_long_t inactive_age;
+ /* Refaults at the time of last reclaim cycle */
+ unsigned long refaults;
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
struct pglist_data *pgdat;
#endif
diff -puN mm/memcontrol.c~mm-vmscan-fix-io-refault-regression-in-cache-workingset-transition mm/memcontrol.c
--- a/mm/memcontrol.c~mm-vmscan-fix-io-refault-regression-in-cache-workingset-transition
+++ a/mm/memcontrol.c
@@ -569,23 +569,6 @@ mem_cgroup_largest_soft_limit_node(struc
* common workload, threshold and synchronization as vmstat[] should be
* implemented.
*/
-static unsigned long
-mem_cgroup_read_stat(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, enum mem_cgroup_stat_index idx)
-{
- long val = 0;
- int cpu;
-
- /* Per-cpu values can be negative, use a signed accumulator */
- for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
- val += per_cpu(memcg->stat->count[idx], cpu);
- /*
- * Summing races with updates, so val may be negative. Avoid exposing
- * transient negative values.
- */
- if (val < 0)
- val = 0;
- return val;
-}
static unsigned long mem_cgroup_read_events(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
enum mem_cgroup_events_index idx)
@@ -5244,6 +5227,13 @@ static int memory_stat_show(struct seq_f
seq_printf(m, "pgmajfault %lu\n",
events[MEM_CGROUP_EVENTS_PGMAJFAULT]);
+ seq_printf(m, "workingset_refault %lu\n",
+ stat[MEMCG_WORKINGSET_REFAULT]);
+ seq_printf(m, "workingset_activate %lu\n",
+ stat[MEMCG_WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE]);
+ seq_printf(m, "workingset_nodereclaim %lu\n",
+ stat[MEMCG_WORKINGSET_NODERECLAIM]);
+
return 0;
}
diff -puN mm/vmscan.c~mm-vmscan-fix-io-refault-regression-in-cache-workingset-transition mm/vmscan.c
--- a/mm/vmscan.c~mm-vmscan-fix-io-refault-regression-in-cache-workingset-transition
+++ a/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -2006,6 +2006,8 @@ static void shrink_active_list(unsigned
* Both inactive lists should also be large enough that each inactive
* page has a chance to be referenced again before it is reclaimed.
*
+ * If that fails and refaulting is observed, the inactive list grows.
+ *
* The inactive_ratio is the target ratio of ACTIVE to INACTIVE pages
* on this LRU, maintained by the pageout code. A zone->inactive_ratio
* of 3 means 3:1 or 25% of the pages are kept on the inactive list.
@@ -2022,12 +2024,15 @@ static void shrink_active_list(unsigned
* 10TB 320 32GB
*/
static bool inactive_list_is_low(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool file,
- struct scan_control *sc, bool trace)
+ struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+ struct scan_control *sc, bool actual_reclaim)
{
- unsigned long inactive_ratio;
- unsigned long inactive, active;
- enum lru_list inactive_lru = file * LRU_FILE;
enum lru_list active_lru = file * LRU_FILE + LRU_ACTIVE;
+ struct pglist_data *pgdat = lruvec_pgdat(lruvec);
+ enum lru_list inactive_lru = file * LRU_FILE;
+ unsigned long inactive, active;
+ unsigned long inactive_ratio;
+ unsigned long refaults;
unsigned long gb;
/*
@@ -2040,27 +2045,43 @@ static bool inactive_list_is_low(struct
inactive = lruvec_lru_size(lruvec, inactive_lru, sc->reclaim_idx);
active = lruvec_lru_size(lruvec, active_lru, sc->reclaim_idx);
- gb = (inactive + active) >> (30 - PAGE_SHIFT);
- if (gb)
- inactive_ratio = int_sqrt(10 * gb);
+ if (memcg)
+ refaults = mem_cgroup_read_stat(memcg,
+ MEMCG_WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE);
else
- inactive_ratio = 1;
+ refaults = node_page_state(pgdat, WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE);
- if (trace)
- trace_mm_vmscan_inactive_list_is_low(lruvec_pgdat(lruvec)->node_id,
- sc->reclaim_idx,
- lruvec_lru_size(lruvec, inactive_lru, MAX_NR_ZONES), inactive,
- lruvec_lru_size(lruvec, active_lru, MAX_NR_ZONES), active,
- inactive_ratio, file);
+ /*
+ * When refaults are being observed, it means a new workingset
+ * is being established. Disable active list protection to get
+ * rid of the stale workingset quickly.
+ */
+ if (file && actual_reclaim && lruvec->refaults != refaults) {
+ inactive_ratio = 0;
+ } else {
+ gb = (inactive + active) >> (30 - PAGE_SHIFT);
+ if (gb)
+ inactive_ratio = int_sqrt(10 * gb);
+ else
+ inactive_ratio = 1;
+ }
+
+ if (actual_reclaim)
+ trace_mm_vmscan_inactive_list_is_low(pgdat->node_id, sc->reclaim_idx,
+ lruvec_lru_size(lruvec, inactive_lru, MAX_NR_ZONES), inactive,
+ lruvec_lru_size(lruvec, active_lru, MAX_NR_ZONES), active,
+ inactive_ratio, file);
return inactive * inactive_ratio < active;
}
static unsigned long shrink_list(enum lru_list lru, unsigned long nr_to_scan,
- struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc)
+ struct lruvec *lruvec, struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+ struct scan_control *sc)
{
if (is_active_lru(lru)) {
- if (inactive_list_is_low(lruvec, is_file_lru(lru), sc, true))
+ if (inactive_list_is_low(lruvec, is_file_lru(lru),
+ memcg, sc, true))
shrink_active_list(nr_to_scan, lruvec, sc, lru);
return 0;
}
@@ -2169,7 +2190,7 @@ static void get_scan_count(struct lruvec
* lruvec even if it has plenty of old anonymous pages unless the
* system is under heavy pressure.
*/
- if (!inactive_list_is_low(lruvec, true, sc, false) &&
+ if (!inactive_list_is_low(lruvec, true, memcg, sc, false) &&
lruvec_lru_size(lruvec, LRU_INACTIVE_FILE, sc->reclaim_idx) >> sc->priority) {
scan_balance = SCAN_FILE;
goto out;
@@ -2320,7 +2341,7 @@ static void shrink_node_memcg(struct pgl
nr[lru] -= nr_to_scan;
nr_reclaimed += shrink_list(lru, nr_to_scan,
- lruvec, sc);
+ lruvec, memcg, sc);
}
}
@@ -2387,7 +2408,7 @@ static void shrink_node_memcg(struct pgl
* Even if we did not try to evict anon pages at all, we want to
* rebalance the anon lru active/inactive ratio.
*/
- if (inactive_list_is_low(lruvec, false, sc, true))
+ if (inactive_list_is_low(lruvec, false, memcg, sc, true))
shrink_active_list(SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, lruvec,
sc, LRU_ACTIVE_ANON);
}
@@ -2703,6 +2724,26 @@ static void shrink_zones(struct zonelist
sc->gfp_mask = orig_mask;
}
+static void snapshot_refaults(struct mem_cgroup *root_memcg, pg_data_t *pgdat)
+{
+ struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
+
+ memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(root_memcg, NULL, NULL);
+ do {
+ unsigned long refaults;
+ struct lruvec *lruvec;
+
+ if (memcg)
+ refaults = mem_cgroup_read_stat(memcg,
+ MEMCG_WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE);
+ else
+ refaults = node_page_state(pgdat, WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE);
+
+ lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(pgdat, memcg);
+ lruvec->refaults = refaults;
+ } while ((memcg = mem_cgroup_iter(root_memcg, memcg, NULL)));
+}
+
/*
* This is the main entry point to direct page reclaim.
*
@@ -2723,6 +2764,9 @@ static unsigned long do_try_to_free_page
struct scan_control *sc)
{
int initial_priority = sc->priority;
+ pg_data_t *last_pgdat;
+ struct zoneref *z;
+ struct zone *zone;
retry:
delayacct_freepages_start();
@@ -2749,6 +2793,15 @@ retry:
sc->may_writepage = 1;
} while (--sc->priority >= 0);
+ last_pgdat = NULL;
+ for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, zonelist, sc->reclaim_idx,
+ sc->nodemask) {
+ if (zone->zone_pgdat == last_pgdat)
+ continue;
+ last_pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
+ snapshot_refaults(sc->target_mem_cgroup, zone->zone_pgdat);
+ }
+
delayacct_freepages_end();
if (sc->nr_reclaimed)
@@ -3033,7 +3086,7 @@ static void age_active_anon(struct pglis
do {
struct lruvec *lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(pgdat, memcg);
- if (inactive_list_is_low(lruvec, false, sc, true))
+ if (inactive_list_is_low(lruvec, false, memcg, sc, true))
shrink_active_list(SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, lruvec,
sc, LRU_ACTIVE_ANON);
@@ -3280,6 +3333,7 @@ static int balance_pgdat(pg_data_t *pgda
pgdat->kswapd_failures++;
out:
+ snapshot_refaults(NULL, pgdat);
/*
* Return the order kswapd stopped reclaiming at as
* prepare_kswapd_sleep() takes it into account. If another caller
diff -puN mm/workingset.c~mm-vmscan-fix-io-refault-regression-in-cache-workingset-transition mm/workingset.c
--- a/mm/workingset.c~mm-vmscan-fix-io-refault-regression-in-cache-workingset-transition
+++ a/mm/workingset.c
@@ -269,7 +269,6 @@ bool workingset_refault(void *shadow)
lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(pgdat, memcg);
refault = atomic_long_read(&lruvec->inactive_age);
active_file = lruvec_lru_size(lruvec, LRU_ACTIVE_FILE, MAX_NR_ZONES);
- rcu_read_unlock();
/*
* The unsigned subtraction here gives an accurate distance
@@ -290,11 +289,15 @@ bool workingset_refault(void *shadow)
refault_distance = (refault - eviction) & EVICTION_MASK;
inc_node_state(pgdat, WORKINGSET_REFAULT);
+ mem_cgroup_inc_stat(memcg, MEMCG_WORKINGSET_REFAULT);
if (refault_distance <= active_file) {
inc_node_state(pgdat, WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE);
+ mem_cgroup_inc_stat(memcg, MEMCG_WORKINGSET_ACTIVATE);
+ rcu_read_unlock();
return true;
}
+ rcu_read_unlock();
return false;
}
@@ -472,6 +475,8 @@ static enum lru_status shadow_lru_isolat
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(node->exceptional))
goto out_invalid;
inc_node_state(page_pgdat(virt_to_page(node)), WORKINGSET_NODERECLAIM);
+ mem_cgroup_inc_page_stat(virt_to_page(node),
+ MEMCG_WORKINGSET_NODERECLAIM);
__radix_tree_delete_node(&mapping->page_tree, node,
workingset_update_node, mapping);
_