Hello, I am continuing to investigate OSS-Fuzz crashes and the following one is quite complex. Here is a CIL policy which triggers a heap-use-after-free error in the CIL compiler: (class CLASS (PERM2)) (classorder (CLASS)) (classpermission CLSPRM) (optional o (mlsvalidatetrans x (domby l1 h1)) (common CLSCOMMON (PERM1)) (classcommon CLASS CLSCOMMON) ) (classpermissionset CLSPRM (CLASS (PERM1))) The issue is that the mlsvalidatetrans fails to resolve in pass CIL_PASS_MISC3, which comes after the resolution of classcommon (in pass CIL_PASS_MISC2). So: * In pass CIL_PASS_MISC2, the optional block still exists, the classcommon is resolved and class CLASS is linked with common CLSCOMMON. * In pass CIL_PASS_MISC3, the optional block is destroyed, including the common CLSCOMMON. * When classpermissionset is resolved, function cil_resolve_classperms uses "common_symtab = &class->common->perms;", which has been freed. The use-after-free issue occurs in __cil_resolve_perms (in libsepol/cil/src/cil_resolve_ast.c): // common_symtab was freed rc = cil_symtab_get_datum(common_symtab, curr->data, &perm_datum); I have not found a simple way to fix this issue. For example there is no way to get all the classes which references a common, from a common object (which would be helpful to remove these references when destructing the common). Another idea would be to implement some kind of reference counter and only really destroy the common when this refcount reaches zero, but the current implementation does not do such a thing. How should this issue be fixed? (For those who have access, the OSS-Fuzz issue is https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=29002) Nicolas