>> Currently, active_aligned_reads and nr_pending used as counters are atomic types. >> Therefore, when inc/dec in a multi-core results in conflicts. > > I don't uderstand what's the problem here, what's wrong with atomic > types in a multi-core system? Hi Kuai This patch is not a fix for the problem, but an improvement. This patch makes the counter inc/dec faster. For the same reason, active_io was changed from atomic_t to percpu_ref. https://marc.info/?l=linux-raid&m=167514225920879 Thanks, Keisuke