I have a thread with a full story, but I think that asking one question at a time will work better. My array is degraded as one disk was sent for replacement. The system failed (reason not important) and on restart I am in an emergency shell. mdstat shows all members are spare. The question is: what is the correct way to start the array when it is all spares (and degraded)? This is what I did ================== mdadm --run /dev/md127 responds with says: cannot start dirty degraded array mdadm --stop md127 mdadm --assemble /dev/md127 /dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f,g}1 says: not clean -- starting background reconstruction says: cannot start dirty degraded array suggests to use --force mdadm --assemble --force /dev/md127 /dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f,g}1 starts the array. In the system log I see md: requested-resync of RAID array md127 and mdstat shows a resync (maybe a different term?) in progress. After a while I reboot and the system comes up but it has issues. Now I see: $ cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md127 : active raid6 sde1[4] sdc1[9] sdf1[5] sdb1[8] sdd1[7] sdg1[6] 58593761280 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [7/6] [_UUUUUU] bitmap: 88/88 pages [352KB], 65536KB chunk Before this drama it said "bitmap: 0/88" if this matters. TIA -- Eyal at Home (eyal@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx)