Good day! I have 4 NVMe new drives which are planned to replace 2 current NVMe drives, serving primarily as MYSQL storage, Hetzner dedicated server AX161 if it matters. Drives are SAMSUNG MZQL23T8HCLS-00A07, 3.8TB . System - Ubuntu 20.04 / 5.4.0-153-generic #170-Ubuntu So the strange thing I do observe, is its initial raid sync speed. Created with: mdadm --create /dev/md3 --run -b none --level=10 --layout=f2 --chunk=16 --raid-devices=4 /dev/nvme0n1 /dev/nvme4n1 /dev/nvme3n1 /dev/nvme5n1 sync speed: md3 : active raid10 nvme5n1[3] nvme3n1[2] nvme4n1[1] nvme0n1[0] 7501212288 blocks super 1.2 16K chunks 2 far-copies [4/4] [UUUU] [=>...................] resync = 6.2% (466905632/7501212288) finish=207.7min speed=564418K/sec If I try to create RAID1 with just two drives - sync speed is around 3.2GByte per second, sysclt is tuned of course: dev.raid.speed_limit_max = 8000000 Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md70 : active raid1 nvme4n1[1] nvme5n1[0] 3750606144 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] [>....................] resync = 1.5% (58270272/3750606144) finish=19.0min speed=3237244K/sec >From iostat, drives are basically doing just READs, no writes. Quick tests with fio, mounting single drive shows it can do around 30k IOPS with 16kb ( fio --rw=write --ioengine=sync --fdatasync=1 --directory=test-data --size=8200m --bs=16k --name=mytest ) so likely issue are not drives themselves. Not sure where to look further, please advise. -- Best regards, [COOLCOLD-RIPN]