Re: Need help Recover raid5 array

Wols Lists <antlists@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> · Sun, 19 Dec 2021 10:13:56 +0000

Good report, thanks! :-)

Looks promising. I'm not going to advise much here, but I've punted this 
to two people I know will be able to help. Of course, it's Christmas, 
they might not be around for a bit so you may have to wait.

This is a situation we've recovered a fair few raids from. The 
superblock may well still be there, just not accessible because of the 
new gpt/mbr.

First things first. You're talking about getting new drives? Can you get 
THREE? Back up three of your four corrupted drives. That way, you've got 
four corrupted drives you can attempt to recover, and four backups as 
insurance. That'll take a long time, the sooner the better.

Then move all your raid drives safely out the way, build your new 
working system, and play with loopbacks as per the recovery 
instructions. You understand what it's trying to do? Put a read/write 
layer over the underlying read-only disk? Search the list archives for 
people who've done this, it's not difficult although I'm with you on it 
feeling scary and overwhelming - if you're in a "I need this to work" 
situation it's a bit frightening. Once you're happy it's working, you 
can put your four damaged disks back in and recreate the array.

The one bad bit of news is we don't know what the GPT/MBR has stomped 
over. If it's stomped over the working array, then you've probably got 
some data loss - hopefully not much.

(NB don't blame Windows. It may well have been, but the frightening 
thing is it could have been the new mobo! or Ubuntu. Both have been 
implicated in previous incidents.)

I'll bow out now,
Cheers,
Wol

On 19/12/2021 04:31, Tony Bush wrote:
I have a small ubuntu server that I was upgrading the hardware to and
in the process lost my raid.  I changed the CPU, MOBO, RAM.  I added a
new-to-this-system SSD also to replace the current SSD(in a future
step).  I forgot that this new-to-this-system SSD had Windows 10 OS on
it and I believe it tried to boot while I was working on hooking up my
monitor.  So I think that it saw my raid drives and tried to fdisk
them.  I did mdadm directly to drive and not to a partition(big
mistake I know now).  So I think the drives were seen as corrupted and
fdisk corrected the formatting.  I lost my super blocks on 4 of 5
drives.  These are shucked external 10TB drives and one even shows up
with 'my drive' partition label and 2 files that came with those
drives.  I want to recover my raid and files but don't want to make it
worse.  I have not mounted the drives as writable.  I think the damage
should be limited, but I don't know mdadm well.  I have been digging
for a few days on options and most advice is generic and bad and I
feel would make it worse.  I don't know the original order the drives
were in.

1 drive is fully intact, probably due to a BIOS sata config not
enabling all drives when i first booted.

The size makes this impractical to dd onto new disks.  The drives were
99% full and I was about to add 2 new drives.  Now if i can recover
this, i will be starting a new array correctly and transfering files
to that.

To fix, I have been leaning toward making the drives ready only and
using an overlay file. Like here:
https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Recovering_a_failed_software_RAID#Making_the_harddisks_read-only_using_an_overlay_file
But i dont understand all the commands well enough to work this for my
situation.  Seems like since I don't know the original drive
arrangement that may be adding an additional level of complexity.  If
I can figure out the read only and overlay, I still don't know exactly
the right way to proceed on the mdadm front.  Please anyone who has a
handle on a situation like this, let me know what I should do.  Thanks

**Original command history for array:
sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=3
/dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde
cat /proc/mdstat
sudo mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/md0
sudo mkdir -p /media/raid
sudo mount /dev/md0 /media/raid
df -h -x devtmpfs -x tmpfs
cat /proc/mdstat
sudo mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
sudo update-initramfs -u

sudo  umount /dev/md0
sudo  umount /dev/md0 -f
sudo  umount /dev/md0
sudo  fsck.ext4 -f /dev/md0
sudo  fsck.ext4
sudo  fsck.ext4 -f /dev/md0 -p
sudo  fsck.ext4 -f /dev/md0 -p -y
sudo  fsck.ext4 -f /dev/md0 -y
sudo  resize2fs /dev/md0
sudo fdisk -l
sudo parted -a optimal /dev/sdf
sudo -i mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdf
watch cat /proc/mdstat
sudo mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=4
sudo thunar
watch cat /proc/mdstat
sudo mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

cat /proc/mdstat
sudo mount /dev/md0 /media/raid
sudo mdadm --assemble --scan
sudo mount /dev/md0 /media/raid

sudo fdisk -l
sudo parted -s -a optimal /dev/sdb mklabel gpt
parted /dev/sdb
sudo parted /dev/sdb
sudo mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1
sudo mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdb
cat /proc/mdstat
mdadm --grow --raid-devices=4 /dev/md0
sudo mdadm --grow --raid-devices=4 /dev/md0
sudo mdadm --grow --raid-devices=5 /dev/md0
cat /proc/mdstat
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/md0
cat /proc/mdstat
sudo resize2fs /dev/md0
cat /proc/mdstat
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/md0
sudo resize2fs /dev/md0

**Here are some current details:
uname -a
Linux server 5.11.0-40-generic #44-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 20 16:16:42 UTC
2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

mdadm --version
mdadm - v4.1 - 2018-10-01

**
sudo smartctl -H -i -l scterc /dev/sda
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.11.0-41-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Ultrastar He10/12
Device Model:     WDC WD100EZAZ-11TDBA0
Serial Number:    1EK7U77Z
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 27eedd3d5
Firmware Version: 83.H0A83
User Capacity:    10,000,831,348,736 bytes [10.0 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Form Factor:      3.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Tue Nov 30 00:07:28 2021 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

SCT Error Recovery Control:
            Read: Disabled
           Write: Disabled

**
sudo smartctl -H -i -l scterc /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.11.0-41-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Ultrastar He10/12
Device Model:     WDC WD100EMAZ-00WJTA0
Serial Number:    JEHXKMMM
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 267db1416
Firmware Version: 83.H0A83
User Capacity:    10,000,831,348,736 bytes [10.0 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Form Factor:      3.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Tue Nov 30 00:08:34 2021 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

SCT Error Recovery Control:
            Read:     70 (7.0 seconds)
           Write:     70 (7.0 seconds)

**
sudo smartctl -H -i -l scterc /dev/sdc
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.11.0-41-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Ultrastar He10/12
Device Model:     WDC WD100EMAZ-00WJTA0
Serial Number:    2YHVAJ8D
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 273da10a9
Firmware Version: 83.H0A83
User Capacity:    10,000,831,348,736 bytes [10.0 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Form Factor:      3.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Tue Nov 30 00:11:29 2021 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

SCT Error Recovery Control:
            Read:     70 (7.0 seconds)
           Write:     70 (7.0 seconds)

**
sudo smartctl -H -i -l scterc /dev/sdd
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.11.0-41-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Ultrastar He10/12
Device Model:     WDC WD100EMAZ-00WJTA0
Serial Number:    2YHVABZD
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 273da1024
Firmware Version: 83.H0A83
User Capacity:    10,000,831,348,736 bytes [10.0 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Form Factor:      3.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Tue Nov 30 00:11:58 2021 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

SCT Error Recovery Control:
            Read:     70 (7.0 seconds)
           Write:     70 (7.0 seconds)

**
sudo smartctl -H -i -l scterc /dev/sde
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.11.0-41-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Ultrastar He10/12
Device Model:     WDC WD100EMAZ-00WJTA0
Serial Number:    2YHV9GVD
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 273da0cbc
Firmware Version: 83.H0A83
User Capacity:    10,000,831,348,736 bytes [10.0 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Form Factor:      3.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Tue Nov 30 00:12:53 2021 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

SCT Error Recovery Control:
            Read:     70 (7.0 seconds)
           Write:     70 (7.0 seconds)

***************
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
    MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] :   4294967295 sectors at            1 (type ee)

sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1:
    MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] :   4294967295 sectors at   4294967295 (type ff)
Partition[1] :   4294967295 sectors at   4294967295 (type ff)
Partition[2] :   4294967295 sectors at   4294967295 (type ff)
Partition[3] :    740229375 sectors at   4294967295 (type ff)

sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
    MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] :   4294967295 sectors at            1 (type ee)

sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdb1
mdadm: cannot open /dev/sdb1: No such file or directory

sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdc
/dev/sdc:
    MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] :   4294967295 sectors at            1 (type ee)

sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdc1
mdadm: cannot open /dev/sdc1: No such file or directory

sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdd
/dev/sdd:
           Magic : a92b4efc
         Version : 1.2
     Feature Map : 0x1
      Array UUID : 93e81091:84ba78f0:eb8232d9:c3c995f0
            Name : bushserver:0  (local to host bushserver)
   Creation Time : Fri Nov 16 13:20:25 2018
      Raid Level : raid5
    Raid Devices : 5

  Avail Dev Size : 19532616704 (9313.88 GiB 10000.70 GB)
      Array Size : 39065219072 (37255.50 GiB 40002.78 GB)
   Used Dev Size : 19532609536 (9313.87 GiB 10000.70 GB)
     Data Offset : 257024 sectors
    Super Offset : 8 sectors
    Unused Space : before=256944 sectors, after=7168 sectors
           State : clean
     Device UUID : 2abcf2dc:f786e3fd:d22b7da9:7e8eec53

Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
     Update Time : Sun Nov 28 15:27:11 2021
   Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 48 sectors
        Checksum : e27debbf - correct
          Events : 213198

          Layout : left-symmetric
      Chunk Size : 512K

    Device Role : Active device 1
    Array State : AAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
$ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdd1
mdadm: cannot open /dev/sdd1: No such file or directory

sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sde
/dev/sde:
    MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] :   4294967295 sectors at            1 (type ee)
$ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sde1
mdadm: cannot open /dev/sde1: No such file or directory

****************************************************
sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
            Version : 1.2
         Raid Level : raid0
      Total Devices : 1
        Persistence : Superblock is persistent

              State : inactive
    Working Devices : 1

               Name : bushserver:0  (local to host bushserver)
               UUID : 93e81091:84ba78f0:eb8232d9:c3c995f0
             Events : 213198

     Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice

        -       8       48        -        /dev/sdd
*******************************************************

./lsdrv
**Warning** The following utility(ies) failed to execute:
   sginfo
   pvs
   lvs
Some information may be missing.

PCI [nvme] 41:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Phison Electronics
Corporation E12 NVMe Controller (rev 01)
└nvme nvme0 Force MP510                              {211182930001291838A6}
  └nvme0n1 447.13g [259:0] Empty/Unknown
   ├nvme0n1p1 431.03g [259:1] Empty/Unknown
   │└Mounted as /dev/nvme0n1p1 @ /
   ├nvme0n1p2 1.00k [259:2] Empty/Unknown
   └nvme0n1p5 15.87g [259:3] Empty/Unknown
PCI [ahci] 00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation
Q170/Q150/B150/H170/H110/Z170/CM236 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI
Mode] (rev 31)
├scsi 0:0:0:0 ATA      WDC WD100EZAZ-11
│└sda 9.10t [8:0] Empty/Unknown
│ └sda1 9.10t [8:1] Empty/Unknown
├scsi 1:0:0:0 ATA      WDC WD100EMAZ-00
│└sdb 9.10t [8:16] Empty/Unknown
├scsi 3:0:0:0 ATA      WDC WD100EMAZ-00
│└sdc 9.10t [8:32] Empty/Unknown
├scsi 4:0:0:0 ATA      WDC WD100EMAZ-00
│└sdd 9.10t [8:48] Empty/Unknown
│ └md0 0.00k [9:0] MD v1.2  () inactive, None (None) None
{00000000:-0000-00:00-0000-:000000000000}
│                  Empty/Unknown
└scsi 5:0:0:0 ATA      WDC WD100EMAZ-00
  └sde 9.10t [8:64] Empty/Unknown
PCI [ahci] 04:00.0 SATA controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062
Serial ATA Controller (rev 02)
└scsi 6:x:x:x [Empty]
USB [usb-storage] Bus 001 Device 004: ID 1d6b:0104 Linux Foundation
Multifunction Composite Gadget {CAFEBABE}
└scsi 8:0:0:0 Linux    File-CD Gadget
  └sr0 1.00g [11:0] Empty/Unknown
Other Block Devices
├loop0 4.00k [7:0] Empty/Unknown
│└Mounted as /dev/loop0 @ /snap/bare/5
├loop1 144.60m [7:1] Empty/Unknown
│└Mounted as /dev/loop1 @ /snap/chromium/1810
├loop2 99.44m [7:2] Empty/Unknown
│└Mounted as /dev/loop2 @ /snap/core/11798
├loop3 99.44m [7:3] Empty/Unknown
│└Mounted as /dev/loop3 @ /snap/core/11993
├loop4 147.80m [7:4] Empty/Unknown
│└Mounted as /dev/loop4 @ /snap/chromium/1827
├loop5 55.49m [7:5] Empty/Unknown
│└Mounted as /dev/loop5 @ /snap/core18/2253
├loop6 55.50m [7:6] Empty/Unknown
│└Mounted as /dev/loop6 @ /snap/core18/2246
├loop7 65.21m [7:7] Empty/Unknown
│└Mounted as /dev/loop7 @ /snap/gtk-common-themes/1519
├loop8 164.76m [7:8] Empty/Unknown
│└Mounted as /dev/loop8 @ /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/161
├loop9 65.10m [7:9] Empty/Unknown
│└Mounted as /dev/loop9 @ /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
├loop10 162.87m [7:10] Empty/Unknown
│└Mounted as /dev/loop10 @ /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/145
├loop11 0.00k [7:11] Empty/Unknown
├zram0 1.96g [252:0] Empty/Unknown
├zram1 1.96g [252:1] Empty/Unknown
├zram2 1.96g [252:2] Empty/Unknown
├zram3 1.96g [252:3] Empty/Unknown
├zram4 1.96g [252:4] Empty/Unknown
├zram5 1.96g [252:5] Empty/Unknown
├zram6 1.96g [252:6] Empty/Unknown
└zram7 1.96g [252:7] Empty/Unknown

***********************************
at /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5]
[raid4] [raid10]
md0 : inactive sdd[1](S)
       9766308352 blocks super 1.2

unused devices: <none>