On 12/05/21 09:41, Geoff Back wrote: > Good morning. > > I have had problems in all recent kernels with booting directly from MD > RAID-1 partitioned arrays (i.e. without using an initrd). > All the usual requirements - building md and raid1 into the kernel, > correct partition types, etc - are correct. > > Deep investigation has led me to conclude that the issue is caused by > boot-time assembly of the array not reading the partition table, meaning > that the partitions are not visible and cannot be mounted as root > filesystem. The other thing is, what superblock are you using? Sounds to me like you're trying to use an unsupported and bit-rotting option. Standard procedure today is that you MUST run mdadm to assemble the array, which means having a functioning user-space, which I believe means initrd or some such to create the array before you can make it root. You saying that you need to read the partition table even when you have a successfully assembled array makes me think something is weird here ... If you can give us a bit more detail, we can then decide whether what you're doing is supposed to work or not. Basically, as I understand what you're doing, you need a 0.9 (unsupported) superblock, and also (unsupported) in-kernel raid assembly. Cheers, Wol