Hi, I would greatly appreciate some insight here. Ubuntu 16.04 LTS $ uname -a Linux hostname 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 18 18:33:37 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ mdadm -V mdadm - v3.3 - 3rd September 2013 RAID1 configuration of 2 SSDs. Fresh install of Ubuntu 16.04LTS using the installer to create the RAID1 with 3 partitions (/boot,swap,/) Output of cat /proc/mdstat after installation: Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md2 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 634795008 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] bitmap: 0/5 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] 126887936 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 19514368 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> Question 1: why is there no bitmap for md0 which is /boot? Next : To simulate a failure, I removed sdb from the array, then physically removed it and installed a new disk in the same physical slot. I partitioned the new disk, synced it to the remaining disk (sda) then grubed it. the output of cat /proc/mdstat after is: Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[0] 634795008 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] bitmap: 0/5 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0] 126887936 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk md0 : active raid1 sdb1[2] sda1[0] 19514368 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> Question 2: why is number in [] for md0, sdb1 now=2 when before it was 1? Question 3: Why didn't the numbers for sdb2 and sdb3 change ? Question 4: Does it matter what the number are? Is this an indication of a problem? Question 5: Does this posting pertain here? http://www.spinics.net/lists/raid/msg49766.html Thank you for any information or direction, Pete Sangas -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-raid" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html