From what I understand and my experience recently, as long as you don't
don't touch anything other than the superblock with mdadm, ie re-sync
the arrays, filesystem check/rebuild the data should be there intact as
long as you can re-create the superblock exactly as it was before.
Re-writing the superblock a few times over to get it right shouldn't
harm anything.
You'll need the --examine output from mdadm for at least one drive in
the array's superblock you want to rebuild so you can spec the right
parameters to put things in order, letting mdadm guess what the array's
geometry is is a big crapshoot.
I ended up with a command looking like:
mdadm --create /dev/md2 --assume-clean --level=5 --chunk=<size>
--layout=<layout type> --size<used dev size> --data-offset=<value>
--raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sde1 missing
For the <used dev size> you need to pull that from the mdadm --examine
from the existing/original superblock if you have a copy of it lying
around.. Take the "Used Dev Size" divide by 2 and input it for --size.
What I know is when you try and create the array, mdadm will complain
about a size mismatch and give you a value and a value+metadata. From my
experience, you want the smaller value. (About -130kb)
You'll also need to know the "chunk size" and "Data Offset" from the
superblock of the existing array. The "Unused Space" before and after
sectors must match up. When I was finished my before sectors was 1968
and after re-creating was 1960 and the after sectors was not even close.
If you do get the array rebuilt and can mount it, backup the data before
you run any fscks to repair anything then once you have your stuff back,
re-create the array and re-format with a new fs so you know your good.
Hope that helps..
Andrew
On 04/22/14 03:20, Jeff Wiegley wrote:
So I read this: "You have been warned! It's better to send an email to
the linux-raid mailing list with detailed information..." and so here I
am. Hopefully somebody can help provide me with a solution.
I have a fileserver that has six 3TB disks in it:
/dev/sd{a,b,c,d,e,f}
plus /dev/sdg and /dev/sdh which I put the OS on but they aren't
important/have no valuable data other than raw OS.
partition tables are GPT format:
root@nas:~# parted -l
Model: ATA Hitachi HDS5C303 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 275GB 275GB Linux RAID raid
2 275GB 3001GB 2726GB Linux RAID raid
Model: ATA ST3000DM001-9YN1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 275GB 275GB Linux RAID raid
2 275GB 3001GB 2726GB Linux RAID raid
Model: ATA Hitachi HDS5C303 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 275GB 275GB Linux RAID raid
2 275GB 3001GB 2726GB Linux RAID raid
Model: ATA ST3000DM001-1CH1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 275GB 275GB Linux RAID raid
2 275GB 3001GB 2726GB Linux RAID raid
The server was supplying two linux RAID arrays:
/dev/md3: consisting of /dev/sd{a,b,c,d,e,f}1 (a little over 1TB raided)
/dev/md4: consisting of /dev/sd{a,b,c,d,e,f}2 (a little over 10TB raid)
The /dev/sdf drive failed. I took it out. checked it with SeaTools and
repaired it. But I upgraded software on the Ooperating system partitions
while it was out and basically screwed the OS side of things and had to
reinstall. The OS resides on entirely separate drives and I don't store
anything of worth on those drives at all. So I figured I could reinstall
the OS and leave the storage raid drives untouched and bring them up
after.
/proc/mdstat prior to reinstallation showed:
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid1] [linear] [multipath]
[raid0] [raid10]
md2 : active raid1 sdh4[1] sdg4[0]
241280888 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md0 : active raid1 sdh1[1] sdg1[0]
975860 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md1 : active raid1 sdh3[1] sdg3[0]
7811060 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md3 : active raid6 sda1[0] sdc1[2] sde1[4] sdb1[1] sdd1[6]
1073735680 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2
[6/5] [UUUUU_]
md4 : active raid6 sdf2[7](F) sda2[0] sdc2[2] sde2[4] sdb2[1] sdd2[6]
10647314432 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2
[6/5] [UUUUU_]
unused devices: <none>
####
HERE'S were I went stupid wrong: during the Ubuntu installation I
noticed that the installation/kernel automatically assembled all of
my md devices. I wanted to make sure it never touched the md3 and md4
raids so I had the installer delete them. Well, it turns out it doesn't
just stop them. It literally destroys them and wipes their superblocks.
So now after the machine is back up....
root@nas:~# mdadm --examine /dev/sda2
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sda2.
none of the storage drive partitions have superblocks anymore.
I looked for backups of the superblocks and I can't find any.
The good news is that /dev/md3 (the smaller raid) is something I don't
really care about so I'm comfortable losing all its data. So I figured
I would try to create a new superblock.
so I have already done...
mdadm --create /dev/md3 --assume-clean --level=5 --verbose
--raid-devices=6 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 missing
and of course now mdstat shows an md3 device ready.
I had an encrypted luks system on there. so I then did
root@nas:~# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md3 md3
Device /dev/md3 is not a valid LUKS device.
and of course that's when I started to resolve myself that everything
was lost.
But... looking at the capture of mdstat prior to my stupidity I see I
made a grave mistake...
md3 : active raid6 sda1[0] sdc1[2] sde1[4] sdb1[1] sdd1[6]
1073735680 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2
[6/5] [UUUUU_]
md3 USE to be a raid6, not a raid5.
so I recreated the raid....
mdadm --create /dev/md3 --assume-clean --level=6 --verbose
--raid-devices=6 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 missing
but still...
root@nas:~# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md3 md3
Device /dev/md3 is not a valid LUKS device.
MY FIRST QUESTION: when using create to recovery raid arrays, do you
destroy all hope by trying to create the wrong layout first? I.e. if
I had used --level=6 the very first time would I have saved my array
and my data but now that I was an idiot and did raid5 first I'm screwed
on that device?
SECOND QUESTION: Should I go ahead and do
mdadm --create /dev/md4 --assume-clean --level=6 --verbose
--raid-devices=6 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sde2 missing
on my large, important dead raid? will this avoid the screw up on
the small raid (possibly) caused by creating the wrong structure
first?
While that seems hopeful I have my doubts because of the following:
In the original mdstat md3 was listed as:
md3 : active raid6 sda1[0] sdc1[2] sde1[4] sdb1[1] sdd1[6]
1073735680 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2
[6/5] [UUUUU_]
and now I have that I have recreated with the proper structure it reads:
md3 : active raid6 sde1[4] sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0]
1073215488 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2
[6/5] [UUUUU_]
which looks super from the point of having the same chuck size, same
level, same superblock version and same algorithm. HOWEVER... the block
sizes are now different which indicates something is not the same.
So, while I am hopeful that re-creating md4 with the initial proper
level I am fearful that this will still produce a different block size
and I will be screwed.
Yes, I know... I should have physically pulled the drives during the
install. And I know now I should have backed up the superblocks. When
I created the original devices I know I did. I just can't remember
where I stored them; I'm still looking for them but at this point not
real hopeful.
I'm not going to recreate anything or run any more mdadm commands. I'll
just patiently wait to see if you can give me some sound advice on
how to proceed with least likelihood of [more] errors.
Thank you,
Jeff
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