hi, wonder if you could try one more test for me. With the other (echo BEFORE / echo AFTER etc) tracing still there, change the /sbin/udevadm settle --timeout=$MDADM_DEVICE_TIMEOUT to /sbin/udevadm --debug settle --timeout=$MDADM_DEVICE_TIMEOUT > /dev/kmsg 2>&1 I found there is a case where "udevadm settle" can exit before the queue is empty. It seems like a very unlikely scenario, but it seems clear that something "unlikely" is happening. I'm hoping to see timeout waiting for udev queue appear in the logs when this runs. If you could add that and post the 'dmesg' output if you ever get that message - or maybe even if you don't - that would be very helpful. Thanks, NeilBrown
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