All, I have repeatedly seen that when a 2 member raid1 becomes degraded, and IO continues to the lone good member, that if the array is then stopped and reassembled you get: md: bind<nbd0> md: bind<sdc> md: kicking non-fresh nbd0 from array! md: unbind<nbd0> md: export_rdev(nbd0) raid1: raid set md0 active with 1 out of 2 mirrors I'm not seeing how one can avoid assembling such an array in 2 passes: 1) assemble array with both members 2) if a member was deemed "non-fresh" re-add that member; whereby triggering recovery. So why does MD kick non-fresh members out on assemble when its perfectly capable of recovering the "non-fresh" member? Looking at md.c it is fairly clear there isn't a way to avoid this 2-step procedure. Why/how does MD benefit from this "kicking non-fresh" semantic? Should MD/mdadm be made optionally tolerant of such non-fresh members during assembly? Mike - To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-raid" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html