On Fedora 25, running PA 10.0. [video at sixcore ~]$ ps aux | grep pulse video 2319 0.0 0.0 433508 12212 ? Ssl 15:51 0:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --daemonize=no video 2358 0.0 0.0 130028 4892 ? S 15:51 0:00 /usr/libexec/pulse/gconf-helper [video at sixcore ~]$ pacmd stat Memory blocks currently allocated: 1, size: 63.9 KiB. Memory blocks allocated during the whole lifetime: 35, size: 1.9 MiB. Memory blocks imported from other processes: 0, size: 0 B. Memory blocks exported to other processes: 0, size: 0 B. Total sample cache size: 0 B. Default sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz Default channel map: front-left,front-right Default sink name: alsa_output.usb-AudioQuest_inc._AudioQuest_DragonFly-00.analog-stereo ..................... but [video at sixcore ~]$ paplay /home/video/Music/Route_66.wav Connection failure: Connection refused pa_context_connect() failed: Connection refused Thanks for any help. sean