On Fedora 20, I'm trying to play a bunch of opus files with opusdec, which outputs to /dev/dsp. I tried padsp, but that doesn't work: padsp opusdec test.opus Decoding to 48000 Hz (2 channels) Cannot open /dev/dsp: Connection refused So to troubleshoot I tried: paplay test.wav Connection failure: Connection refused pa_context_connect() failed: Connection refused pulseaudio is running: pacmd ls Memory blocks currently allocated: 1, size: 63.9 KiB. Memory blocks allocated during the whole lifetime: 40, size: 2.1 MiB. Memory blocks imported from other processes: 0, size: 0 B. Memory blocks exported to other processes: 0, size: 0 B. Total sample cache size: 0 B. Default sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz Default channel map: front-left,front-right Default sink name: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo Default source name: alsa_input.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo Memory blocks of type POOL: 1 allocated/1 accumulated. Memory blocks of type POOL_EXTERNAL: 0 allocated/0 accumulated. Memory blocks of type APPENDED: 0 allocated/0 accumulated. Memory blocks of type USER: 0 allocated/0 accumulated. Memory blocks of type FIXED: 0 allocated/39 accumulated. Memory blocks of type IMPORTED: 0 allocated/0 accumulated. 24 module(s) loaded. ............. From http://wiki.laptop.org/go/PulseAudio I've added: load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-anonymous=1 to /etc/pulse/default.pa I've checked all the boxes in the paprefs dialog. Still no joy. Even pactl fails: pactl stat Connection failure: Connection refused pa_context_connect() failed: Connection refused systemlog doesn't show anything when I execute paplay. There are some log messages, but seem unrelated: Jan 27 11:23:27 sixcore.server pulseaudio[3124]: GetManagedObjects() failed: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.66" (uid=505 pid=3124 comm="/usr/bin/pulseaudio --start ") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager" member="GetManagedObjects" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination="org.bluez" (uid=0 pid=1478 comm="/usr/libexec/bluetooth/bluetoothd ") Jan 27 11:23:28 sixcore.server pulseaudio[2898]: GetManagedObjects() failed: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.67" (uid=504 pid=2898 comm="/usr/bin/pulseaudio --start ") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager" member="GetManagedObjects" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination="org.bluez" (uid=0 pid=1478 comm="/usr/libexec/bluetooth/bluetoothd ") Jan 27 11:50:36 sixcore.server pulseaudio[5835]: Daemon already running. Jan 27 11:50:37 sixcore.server pulseaudio[2712]: module-x11-xsmp may not be loaded twice. Jan 27 11:50:37 sixcore.server pulseaudio[2712]: Failed to load module "module-x11-xsmp" (argument: "display=:0.0 session_manager=local/unix:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/5613,unix/unix:/tmp/.ICE-unix/5613"): initialization failed. selinux is permissive. rpm -qa | grep ^pulse | sort pulseaudio-5.0-25.fc20.x86_64 pulseaudio-gdm-hooks-5.0-25.fc20.x86_64 pulseaudio-libs-5.0-25.fc20.x86_64 pulseaudio-libs-devel-5.0-25.fc20.x86_64 pulseaudio-libs-glib2-5.0-25.fc20.x86_64 pulseaudio-module-bluetooth-5.0-25.fc20.x86_64 pulseaudio-module-gconf-5.0-25.fc20.x86_64 pulseaudio-module-x11-5.0-25.fc20.x86_64 pulseaudio-utils-5.0-25.fc20.x86_64 Thanks for any help sean