Assembled Wisdom! When I run pulseaudio --start , I get E: [pulseaudio] authkey.c: Failed to truncate cookie file: Invalid argument W: [pulseaudio] authkey.c: Failed to load authorization key '/home/alan/.config/pulse/cookie': Invalid argument Which is not a surprise, since all I have in ~/.config/pulse/ is an empty file, cookie. Which I created out of desperation<g>. Background data: I am running Debian Wheezy -- a new install, on a new machine -- and I have backported the kernel vmlinuz-3.16-0.bpo.2-686-pae and pulseaudio 4.0 , also backported . I conceive it possible that if I can get pulseaudio started, maybe my sound will work. It worked fine on squeeze, on my old machine . . ("in a galaxy long ago and far away ") Many thanks for any help you can give me in starting pulseaudio. Alan -- Alan McConnell : http://globaltap.com/~alan/ A man may be in as just possession of truth as of a city, and yet be forced to surrender.(Thomas Browne)