This post applies to my old/original install of Fedora 12. I have restored it to original default behavior so it is functioning same as new F12 partition. I did this by: 1. stopping pulseaudio server I think the command is 'pulseaudio -k' 2. removing '/home/<uname>/.pulse file and then 3. removing all pulseaudio packages [14 packages total] with 'yum erase' 4. reboot 5. reinstall the same 14 packages 6. reboot ASFIK PulseAudio and sound are functioning normally. I certainly no longer have any objectionable volume issues in EITHER Fedora 12 partition. So like any good old GNU/Linux user I'm going to turn my NEW Fedora 12 partition into Fedora 13 alpha... Colin thanks for your help. Some time soon I'm going to reread http://colin.guthr.ie/2009/10/so-how-does-the-kde-pulseaudio-support-work-anyway/ http://colin.guthr.ie/2009/08/sound-on-linux-anti-fud-calm-certainty-and-confidence/ http://colin.guthr.ie/2009/08/sound-on-linux-is-confusing-defuzzing-part-1-alsa/ http://colin.guthr.ie/2009/08/sound-on-linux-is-confusing-defuzzing-part-2-pulseaudio/ and see if I can understand this information now. Before I really didn't understand what I read. -- Thanks, Dwight Paige