Greetings; I have now blacklisted the modules for the hardware that pulse is not supposed to see or use, and have rmmod'd them also. The kmix mixer window no longer shows the 2 audio system this system has that should be ignored, only showing the emu10k1 (audigy2 Value) facilities. This is an mdv-2010-x64 system. How do I go about starting or restarting PA from a root shell? None of the other paman or pactl utilities can connect to the server so everything is greyed out ATM. -- Cheers, Gene "There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order." -Ed Howdershelt (Author) Hotels are tired of getting ripped off. I checked into a hotel and they had towels from my house. -- Mark Guido