Hi, 1> From paman, I could find pulseaudio server launched and server name was "pulseaudio". 2> I tried "paplay --server=pulseaudio <wav file>", while failed with error message "Connection failure: Connection refused". In fact, in paplay.c, "pa_context_connect(context, server, 0, NULL);" => if server =NULL, means using default server, always succeeded. While if server name specified, failed. Question: how to use this parameter "server" for pa_context_connect()? Thanks! Hao PS> I use the same account for launching pulseaudio and paplay.