Hi I have pulse 0.9.10 working fine in per-user mode on my ubuntu hardy system (using debian packages from the PPA listed below). /etc/default/pulse.pa is configured to use module-native-protocol-unix: load-module module-native-protocol-unix auth-group=pulse-access Now I want to play sounds when ssh'd to another user account on the same box. If I don't change anything, but manually chmod the per-user socket directory as a hack, I can play sounds from this other user account using aplay fine (and if I don't chmod the directory and attempt to play sounds using aplay from that other user account, I get a connection refused message). But if I edit /etc/default/pulseaudio to set the variable that ubuntu uses to request starting pulse system-wide, kill the per-user pulse daemon, and run sudo /etc/init.d/pulseaudio start (without changing any other configuration) then attempting to play a sound with aplay doesn't work (regardless of whether the user I am is the one I logged into using gdm). It seems happy - no connection refused message, exits successfully - but no sound: $ aplay /usr/share/sounds/generic.wav Playing WAVE '/usr/share/sounds/generic.wav' : Signed 16 bit Little Endian, Rate 44100 Hz, Mono $ echo $? 0 Clues? Using module-native-protocol-tcp works (allows other users to play sounds), but it annoys me to use TCP when I only ever want to connect from the local machine!-) After starting system-wide: $ ps ax | grep pulse 16893 ? S<sl 0:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --system --daemonize --high-priority --log-target=syslog --disallow-module-loading=1 16899 ? S 0:00 /usr/lib/pulseaudio/pulse/gconf-helper $ cat /home/john/.asoundrc # ALSA library configuration file # Include settings that are under the control of asoundconf(1). # (To disable these settings, comment out this line.) </home/john/.asoundrc.asoundconf> $ cat /home/john/.asoundrc.asoundconf # ALSA library configuration file managed by asoundconf(1). # # MANUAL CHANGES TO THIS FILE WILL BE OVERWRITTEN! # # Manual changes to the ALSA library configuration should be implemented # by editing the ~/.asoundrc file, not by editing this file. pcm.!default { type pulse } ctl.!default { type pulse } pcm.pulse { type pulse } ctl.pulse { type pulse } I'm using the debian packages from this PPA, as a fix for some flash issues: https://launchpad.net/~psyke83/+archive Thanks John