i have two select tags as part of a registration form, city1 city2 where city1 has a list of regions and similar for city2 there are different regions for city1 and city2 so instead of all the regions appearing one after the other i would like to create a blank option followed by the next set of regions for formatting purpose only. ex= <select name="city1"> <option <?php if ($city1=="region1"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="region1">Select region1</option> <option <?php if ($city1=="nameofregion1"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="nameofregion1">nameofregion1</option> <option <?php if ($northisland=="0"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="0"></option> <option <?php if ($city1=="nameofregion2"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="nameofregion2">nameofregion2</option> <option <?php if ($northisland=="1"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="1"></option> </select> <select name="city2"> <option <?php if ($city2=="region2"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="region2">Select region2</option> <option <?php if ($city2=="nameofregion1"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="nameofregion1">nameofregion1</option> <option <?php if ($northisland=="2"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="2"></option> <option <?php if ($city2=="nameofregion2"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="nameofregion2">nameofregion2</option> <option <?php if ($northisland=="3"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="3"></option> </select> from a php validation perspective if a user does not select any of the regions or both the regions i am displaying an error message asking them to either select 1 region from either city1 or city2 as of now there is a blank option being displayed which is working fine, i am having an issue with the php validation. until i introduced value=0 my rules for validating the select tag were: 1. user cannot leave both the select tags with the default option which is "Select region1" & "Select region2" 2. user cannot select both the regions from city1 & city2 select tags the code of 2. is if(!($city1 == "region1") && !($city2 == "region2")) { $error.="Please select only 1 Region<br />"; } now by introducing <option <?php if ($northisland=="0") {echo "SELECTED";}?> value="0"></option> there is a conflict with the above php validation code used in point 2. 1. is it correct to use 1,2,3 as part of the following <option> tag or should i only use 0 everywhere <option <?php if ($northisland=="0"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="0"></option> <option <?php if ($northisland=="1"){echo "SELECTED";}?> value="1"></option> 2. how can i get around the conflict that is being created by introducing this value=0 with if(!($city1 == "region1") && !($city2 == "region2")) { $error.="Please select only 1 Region<br />"; } as i need the above php code and i also need the blank space for formatting purpose please advice. thanks.