Does that mean for every exception do we have to write our custom exception and describe it from our own message
If you mean "Do I have to write custom exception classes?", the no. You could just use the PHP Exception class.
Eg. class DBException extends Exception {} try { $connection = mysql_connect(...); if (!$connection) { throw new DBException('Failed to connect to database'); } // Database exception handling code } catch (DBException $e) { // ... // Generic Exception handling code (The Exception c } catch Exception $e { // ... } That's from memory, so there may be a few errors. -- Richard Heyes http://www.websupportsolutions.co.uk Knowledge Base and Helpdesk software for £299 hosted for you - no installation, no maintenance, new features automatic and free ** New Helpdesk demo now available ** -- PHP General Mailing List (http://www.php.net/) To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php