[snip] What I was really illustrating is how interfaces are syntactic sugar only. In my above example what I've really shown is an implicit interface :) Since OOP is largely meant to model real world things, ask yourself this... when a doctor sews a pig's heart into a human, do you think there's an explicit interface someplace that checks for compatibility, or does it "just work" if the conditions are right. Food for thought, pork in fact ;) [/snip] No doubt they are syntactic sugar (and not needed for polymorphism), PHP and other languages are sprinkled with such spices. And just like spices these things have a proper place and usage. (Unless I am slow cooking my world famous brown sugar and cinnamon brisket.) Given the class brisket that extends meat I would likely use an interface to implement said world famous brisket just as others might implement an interface for their brisket. Of course my recipe could be a child of brisket, but may violate the IS_A relationship unless a recipe is implicitly implied for each brisket. Sometimes this syntactic sugar makes for cleaner code (especially when others who are not aware, sometimes folks do it just to do it. YMMV and I am now hungry. BTW, pigs hearts and other body parts are used extensively in research where human physiology is concerned because of their similarity. -- PHP General Mailing List (http://www.php.net/) To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php