[snip] You're wrong. The include() and require() statements are only evaluated when they are reached in your application code, so there is a big difference between your two examples. In you use the second example the code will only be included by PHP if the application logic enters the case statement that contains the include() statement. Here's a quick example to demonstrate this: //////////// // 1.php /////////// <?php $include = 0; if($include) include('2.php'); hello(); ?> //////////// // 2.php /////////// <? function hello() { print "Hello"; } ?> Save those two snippets into files named 1.php and 2.php. Pull up 1.php in your browser and you'll see that the hello() function is undefined. [/snip] This doesn't prove the case either way. It would be similar to writing this code: <?php $include = 0; if($include){ function hello() { print "Hello"; } } hello(); ?> Which also throws an error. We looked a while and found nothing in the documentation, so we ended up putting an error in the include file. foo.php <? $include = "b"; switch ($include){ case "a": include("foo2.php"); break; case "b": echo "bar"; break; } ?> foo2.php <? //note syntax error echo "foo" ?> Assumably, if includes were processed before the script was executed, it would show a syntax error in foo2.php. We ran the test and no error was returned, so that pretty much answers the question (READ: includes are not processed until they are called). Just out of curiosity, a lot of people had answers to this question, but I couldn't find a shred of evidence in the documentation. Did you do similar tests, hear from gurus, or something of like? Or did I just miss it somewhere? Regards, Jesse R. Castro -- PHP General Mailing List (http://www.php.net/) To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php