pilzner wrote: > Does stuff like this cause any aches and pains to developers out there, or > do I just need to get in a new mindset??? Also, is there a way to be sure > the primary key is *ONLY* ever given a value by serial, and not subject to > updates??? It doesn't. Just do not update the ID -- what use do you have for that anyway? If you want to prevent it, you can put a trigger to the column, but IMHO it would be a waste of your time and machine resources. -- Alvaro Herrera http://www.flickr.com/photos/alvherre/ "Vivir y dejar de vivir son soluciones imaginarias. La existencia está en otra parte" (Andre Breton) ---------------------------(end of broadcast)--------------------------- TIP 6: explain analyze is your friend