I think you might need to write a custom lexer to divide the strings into meaningful units. If there are subsections of these names that make sense to search for, then tsearch2 can certainly handle the mechanics of that, but I doubt that the standard rules will divide these names into lexemes usefully.
A custom lexer for tsearch2 that recognized chemistry related lexical components (di-, tetra-, acetyl-, ethan-, -oic, -ane, -ene etc) would increase *hugely* the out-of-the-box applicability of PostgreSQL to scientific applications. Perhaps such an effort could be co ordinated with a physics based lexer and biology related lexer, to perhaps provide a unified lexer that provided full scientific capabilities in the way that PostGIS provides unified geospatial capabilities.
I don't know how best to bring such an effort about, but I do know that if such a thing were created it would be a boon for PostgreSQL, giving it a very significant leg up in terms of functionality, not to mention the great positive impact that the wide, free availability of such a tool would have on the scientific research community.
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